I-Benin

I-Benin, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhliki ye-Benin, ngaphambilini eyaziwa nge Dahomey, lilizwe eliseTjingalanga ye-Afrika . I-Benin imingcele nge -Togo ngeTjingalanga, i-Nigeria ngepumalanga, i-Burkina Faso ngetlhagwini-Tjingalanga, kanye ne-Niger ngeTlhagwini-pumalanga. Inengi labantu bayo lihlala eligwini elisewula le- Bight of Benin, ingcenye ye- Gulf of Guinea engcenyeni esenyakatho khulu ye- Atlantic Ocean . Idolobha elikhulu yi -Porto-Novo, begodu isihlalo sombuso sise- Cotonou, idorobha elinabantu abanengi khulu nekomkhulu lezomnotho. I-Benin ihlanganisa indawo eyi- 112,622 km , begodu inani layo ngo- 2021 belilinganiselwa eemgidini ezili 13 . Lilizwe elitjhisako elinomnotho othembele khulu kwezokulima kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwamafutha wesundu nekoteni .

Kusukela ngekhulu le-17 ukuya kwele-19, iinhlangano zepolotiki endaweni leyo bezifaka hlangana uMbuso we-Dahomey, idorobha-mbuso we -Porto Novo, neminye imibuso esetlhagwini. I-France yathatha indawo le ngo-1894, yayifaka ne- French West Africa njenge -French Dahomey . Ngo-1960, i-Dahomey yathola ikululeko epheleleko e-France. Njengombuso ozijameleko, i-Benin ibe nombuso wentando yenengi, ukuvukela umbuso kwezempi, kanye noburhulumende bezempi . Umbuso ozibiza ngokuthi yi-Marxist-Leninist ebizwa ngokuthi yi -People's Republic of Benin bewukhona hlangana nomnyaka ka-1975 ukuya ku-1990. Ngo-1991, wathathelwa indawo yi -Republic of Benin enamabandla amanengi .

Ilimi elisemthethweni le-Benin lisiFulentshi, kuthi amalimi womdabu afana ne -Fon, i-Bariba, i-Yoruba kanye ne-Dendi nayo iyakhulunywa. Isiqhema sekolo esikhulu khulu e-Benin, njengombana kuqalwe ngo-2020 yi-Pew Research Group ngokuya ngeenbalo zaka-2010, buKrestu (52.2%), kulandelwe yi -Islam (24.6%) kanye neenkolo zesintu ze-Afrika (17.9%). I-Benin lilunga le- United Nations, i- African Union, i- Economic Community of West African States, i- Organization of Islamic Cooperation, i- South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, i-Francophonie, i- Community of Sahel-Saharan States, i -African Petroleum Producers Association kanye ne -African Basicity.

I-Etymology

During French colonial rule and after independence on 1 August 1960, the country was named Dahomey, after the Kingdom of Dahomey. On 30 November 1975, following a Marxist–Leninist military coup, the country was renamed Benin, after the Bight of Benin, which borders the country, since the name Dahomey is exclusively associated with the Fon who inhabited the southern half of the country. The bight takes its name from the Kingdom of Benin, located in present-day Nigeria.

Ngaphambi komnyaka ka-1600, i-Benin yanje beyineendawo ezihlukahlukeneko ezineenhlelo zepolotiki ezihlukahlukeneko kanye neentjhaba ezihlukahlukeneko. Lokhu kufaka hlangana amadorobha-amazwe aseduze nelwandle (ikakhulukazi wesiqhema se -Aja begodu kufaka hlangana abantu be -Yoruba ne -Gbe ) kanye neendawo zezizwe eziphakathi kwelizwe (ezakhiwe babantu be -Bariba, Mahi, Gedevi, kanye ne-Kabye). UmBuso we-Oyo, obekwe khulukhulu ngepumalanga ye-Benin, bekulibutho lezempi esifundeni, ebegade ihlasela begodu ifuna umthelo emibusweni eseduze nelwandle neendaweni zeentjhaba. Isimo satjhuguluka ngeminyaka yekhulu le-17 neye-18 njengombana uMbuso we-Dahomey, owawunabantu abanengi be -Fon, wasungulwa ethafeni le -Abomey begodu wathoma ukuthatha iindawo eziseduze nelwandle. Ngo-1727, iKosi u -Agaja yoMbuso we-Dahomey besele inqobe amadorobha asemaphethelweni we -Allada ne -Whydah . I-Dahomey besele ibe mtheleli we-Oyo Empire, begodu beyiphikisana kodwana azange ihlasele ngqo idorobha elihlangene ne-Oyo le- Porto-Novo . Ukukhula kwe-Dahomey, ukuncintisana kwayo ne-Porto-Novo, kanye nepolotiki yezizwe esifundeni esisenyakatho kwaragela phambili bekwaba sesikhathini samakoloni nasemva kwamakoloni.

E-Dahomey, abanye abantu abasesebatjha bebafundiswa emasotjeni amadala begodu bafundisa amasiko webutho lombuso bekwaba kulapho sele bakhula ngokwaneleko ukobana bangene ebuthweni. U-Dahomey wasungula ibutho lamasotja wesifazana eliphezulu elibizwa nge-Ahosi (abafazi benkosi), u-Mino ("omama bethu" nge-Fongbe) nofana "ama-Amazon we-Dahomean". Ukugandelela ukulungiselela ipi nokuphumelela kwenze bona u-Dahomey abe nesiteketiso esithi "Black Sparta", ebantwini abase-Europe nabahloli bekhulu le-19 abafana no-Sir Richard Burton.