I-Roben island

I-Roben Island kuyindawo lapho etholakala egwini le-Cape town, enarheni yeSewula afrika. Indawo le ngenye yendawo ezikhumbuza iSewula Afrika ngezolo layo elibuhlungu langesikhathi sombuso wegandelelo.^[1] Eminyakeni eyadlulako ngaphambi kobana kuthome umbuso wentando yenengi eSewula afrika, indawo leya beyitjenziswa njengendawo yokujezisa neyokubopha abantu abavukela umbuso. Kukulapho indawo le yaziwa khona njengejele elabe ligadwe khulu, ngesibanga sokugada abantu ababotjhwe kilo.

Ipilo ejele ngesikhathi sombuso wegandelelo

Indawo le ngesikhathi sombuso wegandelelo yathoma umsebenzi wokuthi kuvalelwe kiyo abantu ekhabe balwisana nombuso wegandelelo, nabanye abasopolitiki ekhabe balwela ikululeko. Ipilo ejele le beyaziwa ngokuthi ihlukanisa iimbotjhwa nabantu, ukusebenzisa iimbotjhwa nzima, nesihlungu.^[2] Imbotjhwa zakhona ezinye bezisetjenziswa kukhwari yelitje le lime. Iimbotjhwa ejele ye roben island zabe zihlukunyezwa emzimbeni nemmoyeni, beziphiwa Ukudla okuncani, begodu zihlezi nakabuhlungu. Imbotjhwa khabe zigade khulu ukuphula ithemba kilabo ekhabe balwisana nombuso webandlululo. Nanyana bekunjalo lokho akhange kuvimbe iimbotjhwa zangaleso skhathi ukuthi zifunde begodu ziragele phambili nokufuna ikululeko.

Abantu abavalelwa ERoben Island

UNelson Mandela owabe amdosi phambili wehlangano ye- ANC (African National Congress) wabotjhwa ejele le iminyaka ema-18, kusekela ngonyaka we-1964 ukuya ngonyaka we1982.^[3] UNelson Mandela wadlala indima yokwenza bonyana iimbotjhwa zibumbane entronkweni, waraga ukulelwa ikululeko nanyana bekavalelwe. Wahlukaniswa nomndeni wakhe akhange avunyelwe bonyana ayokubulunga unina Kanye nendodana yakhe ekulu. Abanye abantu ababotjwa e-Roben Island ngu Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki no Robert Sibukwe.

Robert Sobukwe yena wabe amdosi phambili wehlangano ye-Pan African Congress (PAC) yena nakavalelwako wabekwa ayedwa bonyana kungabi nabantu abamvakatjhelako. USobukwe wenzelwa umthetho okhethekileko owawubizwa nge”Sobukwe Clause” ukwenzele ukuthi avalelwe yedwa ngejele. Wakatelelwa bonyana atjhugulule umkhumbulo wakhe wokuthoma umnyakazo wokulwisana nombuso wegandelelo kodwana akhange avume. UWalter Sisulu wagwetjwa isisgwebo sepilo yakhe yoke ejele ngombana watholakala azibandakanye emnyakazweni wokulwisana nombuso wegandelelo.^[4]Wahlala ejele pheze iminyaka emam-20. Ngonyaka we-1982 wasuswa wasiwa ePollsomor ekuyijele eseduze nekapa, ekukulapho waragela khona phambili wajamela ukuphela kombuso wegandelelo.

ukuraga kwe-Roben island ngemva kombuso wegandelelo

Ngemva kokuthi kuphele umbuso wegandelelo I-Robenisland yenziwa yabo yindawo yamagugu ye- UNESCO ngonyaka we-1999, lokho kwenziwa kukobana kwabe kubonwa umlando wayo oqakathekileko nokuthumba kwemiphefumulo wabantu phezulu kokubandlululana.^[5] Eskhathini sanje ijele sele yenziwe I myuziyemu nethswayo lethemba, ikululeko kanye nentando yenengi.^[6] Abayeni abavela endaweni ezihlukahlukeneko zephasi bakghona ukuthatha ikhambo elidoswa phambili mumuntu, bese umuntu loyo abakhombise amakamero wangejele lapho bekulala khona iimbotjhwa bese abakhombise nalapho kune khwari yelitje le- lime.

Iinkomba

↑ Rodgers, J., 2017. Visitor experiences at prison museums: Fremantle prison, robben island museum, and Eastern state penitentiary. In The Palgrave handbook of prison tourism (pp. 787-810). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
↑ Skotnes, A., 2023. Robben Island and the Culture of Reconstruction in South Africa. Radical History Review, 2023(146), pp.178-202.
↑ Roux, D., 2020. 5 Writing from Robben Island. Prison Writing and the Literary World: Imprisonment, Institutionality and Questions of Literary Practice, p.93.
↑ Nwafor, O., 2012. Nelson Mandela and the politics of representation in Robben Island Museum, South Africa. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(2), pp.133-141.
↑ Ngewu, M., 2022. What is the impact of World Heritage status and related positioning for a tourist audience on Robben Island's meanings and public narratives?.
↑ The making – and then breaking – of Robben Island Museum

[1] Rodgers, J., 2017. Visitor experiences at prison museums: Fremantle prison, robben island museum, and Eastern state penitentiary. In The Palgrave handbook of prison tourism (pp. 787-810). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

[2] Skotnes, A., 2023. Robben Island and the Culture of Reconstruction in South Africa. Radical History Review, 2023(146), pp.178-202.

[3] Roux, D., 2020. 5 Writing from Robben Island. Prison Writing and the Literary World: Imprisonment, Institutionality and Questions of Literary Practice, p.93.

[4] Nwafor, O., 2012. Nelson Mandela and the politics of representation in Robben Island Museum, South Africa. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(2), pp.133-141.

[5] Ngewu, M., 2022. What is the impact of World Heritage status and related positioning for a tourist audience on Robben Island's meanings and public narratives?.

[6] The making – and then breaking – of Robben Island Museum

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