ILanga LaboMma
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ILanga laboMma lilanga eligidingwa qobe mnyaka eSewula Afrika ngomhla ka-9 kuRhoboyi. Ilangeli likhumbula isenzakalo esenzekka ngomnyaka wango-1956 lokha abomma abanzima babamba umtjhagalo omayelana nokuphasiswa kwemiThetho yePasa ebafazini ngesikhathi somBuso weBandlululo. Umthetho lo wawutlanyelwe ukugandelela abomma bona bangakghoni ukuzenzela. Yeke abomma abangaba zii-20 000 bamatjha batjhinga e-Union Building ePitori bona bafake isinghonghoyilo esiphikisana nomThetho i-Population Registration Act bona nabazokukhamba eSewula Afrika kufuze bahlale baphethe ipasa.[1][2]
ILanga laboMma aligidingi isenzakalweso kwaphela, kodwana ligidinga nezinye izenzakalo lapho kunabomma ababa mavulandlela kilenarha yeSewula Afrika kusukela ngo-1913, lokha abomma abanjengo-Charlotte Maxeke basungula iLigi yaboMma (Womens League) ehlanganweni ye-ANC ekhuthaza abomma bona bazibandakanye ekulweleni itjhaphuluko. Amavulandlela la ahlanganisa nabo-Cissy, u-Jaynab no-Amina Gool, ebebaphakathi kwabadosiphambili be-National Liberation League nebe-Non-European United Front yangabo-1930. Ngikho nje inyanga kaRhoboyi yoke nje kuyinyanga ekhethelwe ukugidinga abomma boke beSewula Afrika nokugidinga labo abadlale indima ekulwelweni kwamalungelo wobuntu.[1]
Ukusungulwa KweLanga LaboMma[2]
[edit | hlela umthombo]ILanga laboMma lagidingwa kokuthoma ngomhla ka-9 kuRhuboyi 1994 ngesikhathi iSewula Afrika iba yiriphabliki yedemokhrasi. Umhla ka-9 kaRhoboyi wamenyezelwa bona uzokuba yiholideyi lapha amaSewula Afrika azokuhlonipha khona abomma ababa nesibindi sokujamelana nemithetho ebandlulula ngokobulili ebeyikhandela ukutjhaphuluka nokulingana. Kusukela ngeLanga laboMma lokuthoma isikhundla sabomma emphakathini sithuthuke khulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1994, abomma bebakha isibalo esimaphesenthe amathathu epalamende yeSewula Afrika, kodwana namhlanjesi sele bamaphesente ama-40.[3]
Umtjhagalo Wabomma Wango-1956
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Umnqopho omkhulu womBuso weBandlululo bekukuhlukanisa abantu ngokobutjhaba khona uzokukghona ukubalawula kuhle. Lokho bekwenzelwe bona abantu abanzima basebenze emakhuweni wendaweni yemakhabo. Kodwana amadlelo alihlaza besele atholakala ngaphandle kwendawo ababelwe kiyo, yeke abantu abanzima besele batholakala eendaweni ezingaphandle kwalezo abahlala kizo. Ngikho nje umBuso weBandlululo weza nehlelo lokuthi nangabe umuntu uzokuya namkha asebenze andaweni yangaphandle kweyekhabo kufuze uthole imvumo. Woke umuntu ofuna ukusuka lapha ahlala khona aye kenye indawo ngananyana ngiliphi ibanga bekufuze aphathe ipasa. Yeke imithetho le yathoma ngokusebenza khulukhulu emadodeni. UmBuso wabeka imithetho emayelana nalokho.[4][5] UmThetho i-Natives (Urban Areas) Act wango-1923 bewuthi woke umuntu onzima oyindoda otholakala eendaweni zabamhlophe kufuze aphathe ipasa ngaso soke isikhathi. Nanyana ngubani ozokutholakala angakaphathi ipasa uzokubotjhwa athunyelwe ethrestini lekhabo.[5] Ngo-1955 urhulumende webandlululo waqunta bona amapasa bekungakafuzi aphathwe madoda kwaphela, kodwana nananyana ngimuphi umfazi ongaphezu kweminyaka eli-16 kufuze aphathe ipasa nakaya eendaweni ezihlala abamhlophe. Lokho kwabatshwenya khulu abafazi ngombana bebayibona indlela umthetho wepasa othinta ngayo amadoda abaphila nawo. Kwezinye iikhathi bekungibo abafazi abezako bazokukhupha amadoda ejele ababanjwe ngombana bakhohlwe amapasa ekhaya.[4]
Lokho ngikho okwenza abomma abangaphasi kwehlangano i-Federation of South African Women (FSAW) bathathe igadango lokutjhagala. Ngomhla ka-9 kuRhoboyi 1956 abomma abazii-20 000 bamatjhela e-Union Building ePitori ngesinghonghoyilo sokuthi awuphele umthetho wamapasa. Kodwana kwafana nokuthela amanzi emhlana wedada. Ngikho nje ilangeli ligidingwa eSewula Afrika yoke ngoRhoboyi, iNyanga yaboMma.[4]
Iinkhombo
[edit | hlela umthombo]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 South African Government (9 August 2025) Women's Day 2025. Retrieved From: https://www.gov.za/WomensDay2025. Retrieved on 25/08/2025.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 South African History (2 August 2012) South Africa celebrates the first National Women’s Day. Retrieved From: https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/south-africa-celebrates-first-national-womens-day. Retrieved on 25/08/2025.
- ↑ Bankmed (2025) Women's Month - you strike a woman you strike a rock. Retrieved From: https://www.bankmed.co.za/portal/individual/bankmed-article-womens-day. Retrieved on 25/08/2025.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ntsoxeko Maluleke (6 March 2023) Discovery: the 'dompas' – A young person’s perspective, Nelson Mandela Foundation website. Retrieved from: https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/discovery-the-dompas-a-young-persons-perspective. Retrieved on 25/08/2025.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 O' Malley (2025) 1923. Native Urban Areas Act No 21. Retrieved from: https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01646/05lv01758.htm. Retrieved on 25/08/2025.