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INgwenyama UNyabela

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Ilitje Lesikhumbuzo leNgwenyama uNyabela

UNyabela yiNgwenyama yamaNdebele wakwaNzunza eyabusa kusukela ngenyanga kaVelabahlinze 1879 nakukhothama iNgwenyama uRhobongo, walwa ipi namaBhuru eyathoma ngomhlaka-07 kaSinyikhaba 1882 eyaphela ngomhlaka-08 kaVelabahlinze 1883 mhla anikela uMampuru emaBhurwini, kwaba kubotjhwa kwakhe nokuhluleka kwepi yamaNdebele emaBhurwini.[1]

Ngokwencwadi ethi Iziko lamaKhosi, uNyabela - uGijamphezeni kaMabhoko - yindodana yesithathu yeNgwenyama uMabhoko ebelethwa endlukulu. Kwathi bona kukhothame iNgwenyama uRhobongo ebeyibambele uFene, uNyabela wathatha isihlalo waraga nokubambela uFene indodana kaMkhephuli ngombana bekasesemncani bona angabusa. Nayiragako ithi ekuthomeni kokubusa kwakhe uNyabela wayenganayo ingubo yobukhosi. Yeke wakhupha intanga yamaDlaza bona iyokufuna ingwe khona kuzokutholakala isikhumba esizokuba yingubo yobukhosi. Owayethwele intanga yamaDlaza ibizo lakhe kwakunguNomacwayi. Bagcina Bayifumene ingwe entabeni yakwaCabha, bayibulala beza nayo ekosini. [1]

Amadodana weNgwenyama uNyabela

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  • UMtjongweni (uSomphezeni) oliDugu noyindondana ekulu
  • UMofu (uSoSenzeni) oliPhogo
  • UNgobe oliDuba
  • UMpepe (uSovelemu) oliDlowu
  • UMzitha (uSoMene) oliSinya
  • UMakhabakhubu (uSovusani) oliPhogo
  • UPama (uSoMvumazoke) liRhorha
  • UZalabo (uSoMlingo) oliDuba
  • UMarhagi (uSoZilani) oliRhorha[1]

Isisusa Serarano Phakathi KukaNyabela NamaBhuru

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USekhukhune

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNyabela amaBhuru besele athomile ukuzibusa ngombana bebangasekho ngaphasi kokubuswa maNgisi. Yeke, besele kuphethe bona, begodu bebenza koke okusemandlenabo bona balawule iintjhaba zabantu abanzima enarheni khona bazokubusa ngendlela ephumelelako.[2] Soke isikhathesi amaBhuru namaNdebele wakwaNzunza bekanetjhebiswano elihle elathonywa yiNgwenyama uMabhoko. Kodwana kwathi bona amaBhuru athome ukuzibusa itjhebiswano laya lancipha. Isizathu kungaba kukuthi amaNdebele nawo besele afuna ukuzibusa, UNyabela ubesele angasawubhadeli umthelo emaBhurwini, begodu wala nokuletha isibalo sabantu baboke esitjhabeni.begodu lokho kwawasilinga amaBhuru ngaphasi kombuso we-ZAR.[2]

Isisusa esikhulu serarano phakathi kwamaNdebele namaBhuru kwaba nguMampuru. UMampuru bekayikosana yabaPedi eyabelethwa ngo-1824, ayindodana yomnakwabo weKosi uSikwati. USikwati wahlongakala ngo-1861. Lokho kwabanga umraro wokuthi ngubani okufuze alandele ekubeni yiKosi yabaPedi. [3] UMampuru wathi uSikwati ukhethe yena bona abe yiKosi ngombana ubelethwa mfazi obeletha ubukhosi, abaPedi abambiza bona yi-timamollo. U-Sekhukhune oyindodana ekulu kaSikwati wathi lokho angekhe kwenzeke njengombana unina kaMampuru omfazi obeletha ubukhosi ukakakhuleliswa yiKosi uSikwati, kodwana mumuntu wangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho wathi uSikwati ubengakaphethi koke okufuze akuphethe nakathatha umfazi oyi-timamollo. Yeke isihlalo kufuze sithathwe nguye.[4]

U-Sekhukhune wathoma wathatha amandla wobukhosi bewabulala nabeluleki bakaMampuru. UMampuru wagcina sele abalekile kelekhabo. Kwathi ngemva kwesikhathi u-Sekhukhune sele alwe ipi namaBhuru, nenye ipi namaSwati, wahlaselwa esigodlweni sakhe wahlatjwa ngomukhwa wafa ngomhlaka-13 kaRhoboyi 1882. UMampuru nguye owasolwa ngokubulawa kuka-Sekhukhune, wasolwa nangokubanga umguruguru esitjhabeni sabaPedi. Yeke amaBhuru akhipha isiqunto sokuthi uMampuru akabotjhwe khona umguruguru lo uzokuphela.[3]

UJohannes Roos

Kuthe bona uMampuru ezwe bona uyafuneka wabaleka esitjhabeni sekhabo wayokukhosela ebantwini bakwaMasimula. AbaPedi bamlandelela nalapho babawa ikosi yakwaMasimula bona ibanikele yena, kodwana yona yala. Kwaba nepi, abakwaMasimula bahlulwa epini leyo. UMampuru nakabona bonyana bakwaMasimula bahluliwe, wabalekela kwaNomtjharhelo eNgwenyameni uNyabela. [1]

AbaPedi bafika nakoNomtjharhelo bambawa eNgwenyameni uNyabela. Kuthiwa iKosi uNyabela yathi nayibaphendulako: "UMampuru ngimginyile. Nanimfunako izani ningihlinze isisu nimkhuphe." Okutjho bona nangabe abaPedi bafuna uMampuru kuzokufuze kuliwe ipi bona atholakale. AbaPedi bakhamba batjhinga emBhurwini babawa isizo lokuthola uMampuru. U-Paul Kruger obekamungameli we-ZAR, wathumela u-Roos noSenekal bona basize abaPedi ngendaba le. AmaBhuru amabili la afika esitjhabeni samaNdebele abawa uMampuru, kodwana uNyabela wala, wathi umginyile, nabamfunako abamkhuphe ngemathunjinakhe. Ekugcineni uNyabela wasilingeka wabulala u-Roos no-Senekal, wathatha iinhloko zabo wazihloma eengodweni. Kuthiwa bekavuka qobe ekuseni akhambe ayokulotjhisa iinhloko zabo aziphulule neendevu zazo.[1]

AmaBhuru asilingeka khulu ngesenzwesi athumela u-Piet Joubert namasotja amanengi. Naye wafika warabhela uNyabela amahlandla ambalwa bona akhuphe uMaMpuru kodwana uNyabela wabhala naye, kwaba kusuka kwepi phakathi kwamaNdebele namaBhuru.[2]

Ukuthoma Kwepi YamaNdebele NamaBhuru

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UPiet Joubert

Ipi yathoma ngomhlaka-7 kuSinyikhaba 1882. Ipi yamaNdebele yayihlome ngeengidi zomsizi nemikhonto, bese yamaBhuru ihlome ngeengidi zeenhlamvu idoswa phambili nguPiet Joubert. Iingidi zeenhlamvu bezidumuza msinya kunalezo zomsizi, yeke inengi lamabutho wamaNdebele lafa ngelangelo, kwathi ngemva kwalokho amaNdebele ahlehla abalekela erholweni. AmaBhuru athi ayangena erholweni abuyela emva ngombana irholo awalazi, yeke atjhida entabeni ayokuhlala emasimini. [1] Emalangeni alandelako bebasolo basilwa, kesinye isikhathi amaNdebele afike kungakalindeleki agadle abaleke. Kesinye isikhathi bekafika ebe iinkomo zamakhuwa, kesinye isikhathi babanjwe babulawe. Kwakhe kwaba nesahlakalo lapha amaNdebele athumba iinkomo zamaBhuru, kanti amaBhuru awakalali, abagijimisa abulala amaNdebele ali-150, babuya neenkomo zabo.[2]

Isikhathi nasikhambako yahlasela indlala emaNdebeleni. Ukudla ebebakubulungile kwaphela, bathoma ukudla iimphalo eenkhunjeni, kodwana ngokukhamba kwesikhathi iimphalo nazo zaphela. Bathoma bafikelwa mcabango wokuzinikela emaBhurwini, ngapha amaBhuru sebacabanga ukukhamba babuyele emakhaya ngombana sebafikelwa kudinwa. AmaNdebele eza namano wokuthola ukudla.[1] Kwakhitjhwa intanga yamaThula bona iyokuthumba iinkomo zabaPedi. Ngebanga lokuthi bebanganamandla ngebanga lokulamba bahlulwa epini leyo.

Kunesikhathi lapha amaNdebele athi akhukhuthisa abafazi bona bayokweba ukudla, kodwana amaBhuru wababulala abafazabo. Kuthiwa abafazaba bakwaMatsitsi, uNoMtjhatjhana noNoMgiyelwa. Ngesikhatheso bekusolo kuliwa. Kokhunye amaBhuru alinge ukwemba amadwala afuna indlela yokungena erholweni, kodwana amaNzunza afike abahlasele abaliye, nabo bagcine sele bawunghalile umsebenzi loyo. [2]

Kwafika isikhathi lapha amaBhuru abuyela khona emva. Athe angakayi nokuyaphi, asemlanjeni iMangwana kwafika indoda yakwaNdala yatjela amaBhuru bona amaNdebele aphelile yindlala, neemphalo nazo ziphelile. AmaBhuru wajika wabuyela emva kwaNomtjharhelo. Bafika batjela iNgwenyama bona ayikhuphe uMampuru. Nangambala yamkhupha yamnikela emaBhurwini ngomhlaka-08 kaVelabahlinze 1883. Ipi le yathatha iinyanga ezibunane zoke. Babotjhwa bobabili uNyabela noMampuru.[1][2]

Ukubotjhwa Nokuhlongakala KukaNyabela

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Kwathi ngemva kobana uNyabela anikele uMampuru kuJoubert nebutho lakhe naye wabotjhwa ngebanga lokujamelana nebutho likaRhulumende wangesikhatheso nokufihla isilelesi. Ngemva kokubotjhwa kwabo isitjhaba sakhutjhwa ngerholweni, satjelwa bona uNyabela akasese yikosi noNyengelele ikosikazakhe akasese yindlovukazi, kunalokho uPiet Joubert uzokuba yikosi yamaNdebele wakwaNzunza bese ikosikazakhe ibe yindlovukazi. Abavumako baphadlhalajwa bahlukaniswa bona bayokuhlala emaplasini wamaBhuru basebenze khona, labo abangavumiko njengoMatsitsi, uPinda, uSigidi, uNdungulu noMhlangula babotjhwa. Abomma basetjenziselwa ukuhlanza iimpahla zamakhuwa, kwathi abobaba belusa ifuyo yamaBhuru, abanye basebenza emasimini.[1]

Umlandu kaMampuru wadenjwa ngomhla ka-17 kaKhukhulamungu 1883, umlandu wokubulala uSekhukhune, ukubanga inturhu nomguruguru, wagwetjelwa ukufa. Kwathi ngomhla ka-21 kuKhukhulamungu 1883 uNyabela wavela phambi komahluleli, iJaji u-JG Kotze nejuri yamadoda wamakhuwa abunane ngomlandu wokobana ususe ukuthula emphakathini walwisana nelawulo ebelisemthethweni leRiphabliki, nokuthi lokho okwenze ngokungemthetho, ngekohliso bewazindla ngakho. Nokobana uqunte ukuthatha iinkhali wahlela ipi yena neenduna zakhe wajamelana nombuso osemthethweni we-ZAR. Obekamjameli wakhe ekhotho owabelwe mbuso wangesikhatheso bekungu-Advocate Cooper, obekamtjhutjhisi kungu-Carl Ueckermann.[5]

Kwathi bona umlandu kaNyabela ufundwe, u-Advocate Cooper watjela ikhotho bona ukuzivikela kukaNyabela akukhambelani nalokho okufundwe emlandwini ngombana uNyabela bekanganabo ubuhlobo nombuso we-ZAR kodwana bekayikosi ezijameleko yena nabantu bakhe. Lokho kwenza bona kuthiwe uNyabela uthi yena akanamlandu. Kwabizwa abofakazi abasithandathu u-Eduard Bok, u-SP Grové, u-SP Trichard, uJenerali Joubert, uKhomandanti Weilbach no-Kleinbooi (indoda yeNdebele amabhuru amnikele ibizo). U-Joubert uhlulekile ukubika bona uthumele uNyabela imibandela ngaphambi kokwetjiwa kweenkunzi zakhe. U-Kleinbooi khenge abuzwe ngombandela lo.[5]

Into eyalwelwako ekudenjweni komlandu bekukuthi inga-kghani uNyabela usisakhamuzi seRiphabliki namkha awa. Ekuthomeni iRiphabliki beyijame ngesivumelwano esenziwa ngomhla ka-28 kuNtaka 1860 phakathi kukaMabhoko neRiphabliki. Ngaphasi kwesivumelwanesi, uMabhoko uvumile bona usisakhamuzi seRiphabliki. U-Cooper waphendula ubufakazobu ngokuthi isivumelwanesi asimbophi uNyabela. Okwesibili, u-Ueckermann bekanesaziso esivela kuNom. Hercules Robinson, esazisa bona amalungelo neembopho zabo boke abantu abanzima bendabuko enarheni kuzokuhlala kunjalo ngemva kokutlikitlwa kwe-Pretoria Convention. U-Cooper waliphikisa ngelokuthi uNyabela bekangekho nakutlikitlwako e-Pretoria Convention lokha uNomzana Hercules akhuluma namakhosi wendabuko, yeke isivumelwanweso asimbophi uNyabela. Yeke uNyabela uzijamele. U-Ueckermann nakaphendulako wathi ukuthi uNyabela akawubhadeli umthelo embusweni we-ZAR akusibufakazi bokuthi uzijamele. UKleinbooi naye wafakaza ukuthi uNyabela uvumile ku-Shepstone ukuthi bekangaphasi kukaRhulumende, yeke bekufuze abhadele umthelo. Kodwana abamrhononelako khenge baveze ubufakazi obuzwakalako ukuthi uNyabela uthome ipi ngokuthatha iinkunzi zamaBhuru. Ipendulo ebeyizwakala bekungeyaka-Ueckermann ukuthi uNyabela kufuze aphathwe njengesithunjwa sepi nokuthi besele anesikhathi abotjhiwe. Ekugcineni ijaji lathi ngebanga lokuthi uNyabela bekahlala hlanu kweMiddelburg, nangaphakathi kwemikhawulo yeRiphabliki, yeke bekasisakhamuzi seRiphabliki.[5]

Ijuri yatjho yoke bona uNyabela umlandu ngokwayo yoke imilandu abekwe yona. Lokha uNyabela nakabuzwako bona ufuna ukuthini ngaphambi kobana anikelwe isigwebo sentambo, wathi yena ubawa ukuthula, amahlandla alitjhumi. Ngemva kwalokho wagetjelwa ukufa. Woke amanye amaNdebele ama-22 ebekanoNyabela kwadenjwa umlandu wawo ngomhla ka-24 kaKhukhulamungu 1883 babekwa umlandu wokubanga umguruguru nokulwa. Boke njalo bagwetjelwa ukuhlala ejele iminyaka elikhomba nokusebenza budisi.[6]

Ngesikhatheso u-Paul Kruger bekangekho asaye e-London bona ayokukhulumisana namaNgisi ngemibandela ye-Pretoria Convention begodu u-Piet Joubert bekamumongameli omjaphethe. Ijaji ebelingamele ngalesosikhathi latlola umbiko emKhandlwini ngomhla ka-1 kuSewula, bese wawuthumela ngo-Sewula 7. Ngemva kobana ijaji lirhunyeze amaqiniso neenkulumopikiswano, watlola nangomthetho omenze bona akhuphe isigwebo sokufa. Kodwana uJenerali Joubert waveza ebufakazini bakhe bona uthumele uNyabela umlayezo wokuthi nangabe akazithobi uzokudliwa yikule ehloko namkha abulawe yindlala emrhobeni. Kghani uNyabela bekacabanga bona nakangazithoba bekazokusinda? Ngombana msinyana ngemva kwalokho, wazithoba. Wahlongoza bona umKhandlu usicabangele isigwebo sokufa usehlise. UmKhandlu waqunta bona uNyabela akadilikelwe lijele asebenze budisi. Kodwana uMampuru yena khenge acolelwe, yeke walengiswa ngomhla ka-22 kuSinyikhaba 1883. Walengiswa phambi kukaNyabela. Okokuthoma intambo yarathuka wadusuka phasi kabuhlungu ehlabathini. Walengiswa godu msinyana ngemva kwalokho.[5][6]

UNyabela watjhaphululwa ejele ngo-1898 wayokuhlala hlanu kwe-Derdepoort ePitori. Wahlongakala ngo-1903.

Iinkhombo

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Iziko Lamakhosi - C. J Mahlangu, K. N Mahlangu, M. A Mahlangu, no-S. M Mtshweni
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "South African Military History Society - Journal - AN AFRICAN MASADA: Nyabela, Mampuru and the Defence of Mapochstad". samilitaryhistory.org. Retrieved 2025-05-31.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Kgoŝi Mampuru II – King of the Pedi people | Ditsong Museums of South Africa". https://ditsong.org.za/en/ (in American English). Retrieved 2025-05-31. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mampuru_II
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 TAB, SS 852, R.4598/83, item 293
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 TAB, SS 852, R.4598 / 83
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