Imindeni emihlanu
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Imindeni emihlanu yimindeni emihlanu yama-Italy American Mafia esebenza e- New York City.Ngo-1931,imindeni emihlanu yahlelwa ngu- Salvatore Maranzano ngemva kokuthumba kwakhe epini ye-Castellammarese .U-Maranzano wahlela kabutjha iinqhema ze-Italy American e-New York City waba yimindeni ka-Maranzano,Profaci, Mangano,Luciano,kunye ne-Gagliano,eyaziwa njengemindeni ye -Bonanno,Colombo,Gambino,Genovese,kunye ne -Lucchese,ngokulandelana.Umndeni ngamunye bewunendawo ebekiweko kanye nokulandelana kwezinto begodu bewubika ehlanganweni efanako ebusako.
Ekuthomeni,u-Maranzano bekahlose bona umphathi womndeni ngamunye abike kuye njenge- capo dei capi ("umphathi wabo boke abaphathi").Lokhu kwadosela ekutheni abulawe ngoKhululamungu,begodu indima leyo yaqedwa ngekhomitjhini,ikomidi ebusako eyasungulwa ngu -Lucky Luciano ukutjheja yoke imisebenzi yama-Mafia e-United States nokulamula ukungezwani hlangana nemindeni. Bekunabaphathi bemindeni emihlanu kunye nabaphathi be- Chicago Outfit kunye nomndeni we -Buffalo crime .Ngo-1963, u-Joseph Valachi waveza tjhatjhalazi ubukhona bemindeni emihlanu ye-New York City ekulalelweni kwe-Valacho.Solo kwalokho,eminye imindeni embalwa yobulelesi ikghone ukuba namandla nofana eyaziwa ngokwaneleko ukobana ikhuphukele ezingeni elifana nelemindeni emihlanu,iphethe nofana yabelana ngesikhundla esingakavunyelwa somndeni wesithupha .
Umlando
[edit | hlela umthombo]Ukudosa phambili emindenini emihlanu
[edit | hlela umthombo]Ngabo-1920,imisebenzi ye-Mafia e-US beyilawulwa ngu -Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria,isiqhema sakhe besibunjwa ziinqhema ezivela e -Sicily begodu kanengi bezivela kwezinye iindawo ze -Southern Italy njenge -Calabria,i-Campania ne -Apulia.Isiqhema saka-Masseria besifaka hlangana u-Charles "Lucky" Luciano,u-Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia,u-Vito Genovese,u-Alfred Mineo,u-Willie Moretti,u-Joe Adonis,no -Frank Costello.Kodwana,i-mafio enamandla ye-Sicily u-Don Vito Cascio Ferro waqunta ukwenza umzamo wokulawula imisebenzi ye-Mafia.
Ukusuka esizindeni sakhe e -Castellammare del Golfo, wathumela u-Salvatore Maranzano bona athathe ukulawula. Isiqhema se-Castellammarese e-US besifaka hlangana u-Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno,u-Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino,u-Joseph Profaci,no -Joe Aiello.Njengombana kwabonakala khulu bona iinqhema ezimbili la zizokulwa ukudosa phambili i-Mafia,ngamunye wafuna ukubutha abalandeli abanengi bona abasekele.
Ipi ye-Castellammarese beyiphakathi kwamabutho we-Masseria ne-Maranzano.Ngaphasi,nanyana kunjalo, bekunokulwa kwesizukulwana hlangana noburholi be-Sicily abadala – eyaziwa ngokuthi "ma -Mustache Petes " ngeendevu zabo ezide neendlela zabo zephasi lakade, njengokwala ukwenza ibhizinisi nabantu abangasibo ama-Italian – kanye nama-"Young Turks",isiqhema sama-Italy esitjha nesihlukahlukeneko ebesicabanga phambili begodu sizimisele ukusebenza nabantu abangasiwo ama-Italiya. Indlela le yenza abalandeli bakhe bazibuze bona u-Masseria bekangakghona na ukwenza i-Mafia iphumelele eenkhathini zanamhlanjesi.Bekudoswa phambili ngu-Luciano,umnqopho wesiqhema lesi bekukuqeda ipi msinyana ukwenzela bona bathome amabhizinisi wabo godu,ngombana bebabona ukurarana njengento enganasidingo.Umnqopho ka-Luciano bekukwenza bona isiqubuthu sibe sesimanjemanje begodu aqede imikhuba engatlhogekiko.Lo bekumbono owamenza wakghona ukudosa abalandeli,ebegade babone ukutlhayela koburholi bendabuko baka-Masseria.Ngalokho-ke,zombili iinqhema bezihlala zitjhuguluka,iingebengu ezinengi zitjhugulula amahlangothi nofana zibulale abalingani bazo ngesikhathi sepi.Ukungezwani hlangana neenqhema ze-Maranzano ne-Masseria bekubonakala emva ngo-1928, lapho ihlangothi elilodwa belivame ukuduna amaloli wotshwala welinye (ukukhiqiza utjwala bekungasisemthethweni e-United States ngebanga lokuvinjelwa ). [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">ukudzubhula kuyatlhogeka</span> ]
Ekuthomeni kwaka-1931,u-Luciano wenza isiqunto sokukhipha u-Masseria.Ipi beyikhamba kumbi ku-Masseria, begodu u-Luciano wabona ithuba lokutjhugulula ukuthembeka kwakhe.Esivumelwaneni esiyifihlo no-Maranzano,u-Luciano wavuma ukwenza ukuhlongakala kwaka-Masseria ngokubuyisela ama-racket ka-Masseria begodu abe mlawuli wesibili ka-Maranzano.U-Joe Adonis bekajoyine isiqhema se-Masseria begodu lokha u-Masseria nakezwa ngokukhaphela kwaka-Luciano,waya ku-Adonis malungana nokubulala u-Luciano.Kodwana,u-Adonis esikhundleni salokho wabonisa u-Luciano ngamano wokubulala.Ngomhlana ali-15 kuSihlabantangana 1931,u-Masseria wabulawa e-Nuova Villa Tammaro,indawo yokudlela ye-Coney Island e -Brooklyn .Ngesikhathi badlala amakhadi, u-Luciano kuthiwa wazithethelela waya endlini yokuhlambela, kuthiwa abadumuzi bekungu-Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, no -Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel ;U-Ciro "The Artichoke King" u-Terranova bekatjhayela ikoloyi yokubaleka,kodwana inganekwane ithi bekathuthumele khulu bona akghone ukutjhayela begodu u-Siegel kwafanela bona amkhiphe esihlalweni somtjhayeli.Ngesibusiso saka-Maranzano,u-Luciano wathatha isiqhema saka-Masseria waba mlawuli ka-Maranzano,waqeda ipi ye-Castellammarese.
Ukwakheka kwemindeni emihlanu
[edit | hlela umthombo]Njengombana u-Masseria angasekho,u-Maranzano wahlela kabutjha iinqhema ze-Italy American e-New York City waba yimindeni emihlanu ekhokhelwa ngu-Luciano,u-Profaci,u-Gagliano,u-Mangano,naye.Ngo NgoSihlabantangana1931,u-Maranzano wabiza umhlangano wabaphathi bezobulelesi e -Wappingers Falls, e-New York,lapho azibiza khona ngokuthi uyi-capo di tutti i capi ("umphathi wabo boke abaphathi"). U-Maranzano wabuye wehlisa imiraro yemindeni ephikisanako wasebenzisa yakhe.U-Luciano bekabonakala amukela amatjhuguluko la,kodwana bekalindele isikhathi sakhe ngaphambi kokususa u-Maranzano.Nanyana u-Maranzano bekacabanga phambili ukudlula u-Masseria,u-Luciano bekakholelwa bona u-Maranzano bekanomrhobholo begodu azifihle ukudlula u-Masseria.
NgoKhukhulamungu wee-1931,u-Maranzano wabona bona u-Luciano bekayingozi,begodu waqatjha u-Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll,isigebengu se-Ireland,bona ambulale.Kodwana, u-Lucchese wayelelisa u-Luciano bona uzokufa.Ngomhlana ali-10 kuKhukhulamungu wee-1931,u-Maranzano wayala u-Luciano,u-Genovese,no-Costello bona beze e-ofisini lakhe ku- 230 Park Avenue e -Manhattan .Ngokuqiniseka bona u-Maranzano uhlele ukubabulala,u-Luciano waqunta ukuthatha amagadango qangi.Wathumela iinqhema ezine zamaJuda e-ofisini laka-Maranzano ubuso bazo ebebungaziwa babantu baka-Maranzano.Begade bavikelwe ngokusizwa ziindlhayela zamaJuda u-Meyer Lansky no -Bugsy Siegel.Bazifihle njengama-ejenti karhulumende,ababili bezigebengu baphuca iinkhali zabalindi baka-Maranzano.Abanye ababili,basizwa ngu-Lucchese,obekakhona ukukhomba u-Maranzano, bagwaza umphathi kanengi ngaphambi kobana bamdumuze. Ukubulawa lokhu bekungowokuthoma kilokho okwathi "Ubusuku be -Sicily Vespers ".
Ukwakheka kweKhomitjhini
[edit | hlela umthombo]Ngemva kokubulawa kwaka-Maranzano ngoKhukhulamungu wee-1931,u-Luciano wabiza umhlangano e -Chicago. Nanyana bekungaba nokuphikiswa okumbalwa ngathana u-Luciano wazimemezela bona uyi-capo di tutti i capi,waqeda isikhundla,akholelwa bona isikhundla lesi sidala umraro hlangana nemindeni begodu sizokwenza bona abe lihloso lomunye umphikisi ofuna ukuzikhakhazisa.Imigomo ka-Luciano nekhomitjhini bekukugcina amandla wakhe phezu kwayo yoke imindeni,nokukhandela ipi zeenqhema zeenlelesi;abaphathi bavuma umbono wekhomitjhini. Ikhomitjhini le izakuba " nebhodi yabaqondisi " ukutjheja yoke imisebenzi ye-Mafia e-United States begodu isebenze ukulamulela ukungezwani hlangana nemindeni.
Ikhomitjhini beyinabaphathi bomndeni abalikhomba: abadosiphambili bemindeni emihlanu ye-New York: u-Charlie "Lucky" Luciano,u-Vincent Mangano,u-Tommy Gagliano,u-Joseph Bonanno,no -Joe Profaci.Umphathi we -Chicago Outfit u -Al Capone kunye nomphathi womndeni we-Buffalo u-Stefano Magaddino.U-Charlie Luciano wakhethwa njengosihlalo wekhomitjhini.Ikhomitjhini yavuma ukubamba imihlangano qobe ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu nofana lokha nabatlhoga ukucoca ngemiraro yemindeni.
Ukwehla kwe-Mafia
[edit | hlela umthombo]Imindeni emihlanu yama-Mafia e-New York City isasebenza, nanyana inganamandla amancani.Ukwehla kwe-mafia kwathoma ukuzwakala ngeminyaka yabo-1970 ukufikela ngeminyaka yabo-1980,lokha umthetho we-RICO nawusetjenziswa babantu abasebenza ngomthetho, okwagcina ngokuthonywa kwekhomitjhini ngo-1986. UmThetho weenhlangano ezithonywa ziinkohlakalo nezikhohlakeleko (umthetho we-RICO) wabekwa, ebewuhlose ukuqeda ubulelesi be-Mafia nokuhlela njengesigebengu.Isenzo besisebenza,begodu senza bona ingcenye ekulu yamalunga ababotjhweko atjhuguluke abe ziinkhulumi.Umphumela lo wanda ngokukhamba kwesikhathi.
Iinkomba
[edit | hlela umthombo]1.https://www.britannica.com/topic/Five-Families
2.https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/mafia-family-tree.pdf
3.https://study.com/academy/lesson/five-families-overview-history-bosses.html
4.https://www.history.com/articles/who-were-the-mafia-five-families
5.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47566981
6.https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/a-history-of-the-american-mafia/