Isifo se-Lyme
Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo:Infobox medical condition Isifo se-Lyme, esaziwa nangokuthi yi-Lyme borreliosis, bulwelwe obuthathelwanako obubangwa yi- Borrelia bacterium esabalaliswa mikhaza . Itshwayo elivame khulu lokutheleleka yindawo ekhulako yokubomvu esikhumbeni, eyaziwa nge -erythema migrans, ebonakala endaweni lapho umkhaza ulunywe khona ngemva kweveke kwenzeke. [1] Iratjhi kanengi ayilunywa namkha ibe buhlungu. [1] Pheze ama-70 ukuya kwama-80% wabantu abathelelekileko baba ne-rash. [1] Ezinye iimpawu zokuthoma zingafakahlangana umkhuhlane, ihloko, ukudinwa kanye namadlala avuvukileko . Ivamise ukurarulula ngesigaba lesi. [2] Nakungalatjhwa, abanye abantu bangathoma ukulahlekelwa likghono lokunyakazisa ihlangothi elilodwa nofana zombili zobuso, ubuhlungu emalungwini, ukuphathwa yihloko okukhulu nokuqina kwentamo, nofana ukubetha kwehliziyo, hlangana nezinye. [1] Ngemva kweenyanga ukuya eminyakeni, kungenzeka iinkhathi eziphindaphindiweko zobuhlungu bamalunga nokuvuvuka. [1] [2] Ngezinye iinkhathi, abantu baba nobuhlungu bokudubula nofana ukuvuvuka emikhonweni nemilenzeni yabo. [1] Nanyana kunikelwa ukwelatjhwa okufaneleko, abantu abangaba li-10 ukuya kweli-20% baba nobuhlungu bamalunga, imiraro yokukhumbula, nokudinwa okungenani iinyanga ezisithandathu.
Ubulwelwe be-Lyme budluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa mikhaza enesifo somhlobo we- Ixodes . E-United States, imikhaza ekhathazako ivamise ukuba mhlobo we -Ixodes scapularis, begodu kufuze inamathele okungenani ama-awa ama-36 ngaphambi kobana ibhaktheriya isabalale. E-Europe, imikhaza yomhlobo we -Ixodes ricinus ingasabalalisa ibhaktheriya msinyana. [3] E-North America, ibhaktheriya i-Borrelia burgdorferi kanye ne-Borrelia mayonii ibanga isifo se-Lyme. [4] E-Europe ne-Asia, i-Borrelia afzelii kanye ne-Borrelia garinii nazo zibangela ubulwele. Ubulwelwe lobu abubonakali butheleleka hlangana nabantu, ngezinye iinlwana, nofana ngokudla. [5] Ukuhlolwa kusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kweempawu, umlando wokuvezwa kwemikhaza, begodu mhlamunye nokuhlolwa kwama -antibodies athileko egazini. Ukuhlolwa kweengazi kuvamise ukuba kumbi ekuthomeni kwesifo. [4] Ukuhlolwa kwemikhaza ngayinye akusizi ngalitho.
Ukukhandela kufaka hlangana imizamo yokukhandela ukulunywa mikhaza njengokugqoka izambatho ezivala imikhono nemilenze, nokusebenzisa iinhlahla eziqotjha iinambuzane ezisekelwe ku -DEET . Ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala iintwala ukwehlisa inani lemikhaza nakho kungaba kuhle. [4] Imikhaza ingasuswa ngokusebenzisa i-tweezers . Nangabe umkhaza okhutjhweko bewuzele iingazi, umthamo munye we -doxycycline ungasetjenziswa ukukhandela ukukhula kokutheleleka, kodwana akukhuthazwa ngombana ukukhula kokutheleleka akukavami. [4] Nangabe kuvela ukutheleleka, ama-antibiotics amanengi ayasebenza, kufaka hlangana i-doxycycline, i-amoxicillin, i-azithromycin, i-ceftriaxone, kanye ne -cefuroxime . Ukwelatjhwa okujayelekileko kuvamise ukuthatha amaviki amabili nofana amathathu. [4] Abanye abantu baba nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha namalunga ngemva kokwelatjhwa okungathatha ilanga elilodwa nofana amabili. [4] Kilabo abathola amatshwayo angapheliko, ukwelatjhwa ngama-antibiotic wesikhathi eside akukatholakali bona kuyasiza. [4]
Ubulwelwe be-Lyme bulwelwe obuvame ukusabalaliswa mikhaza e -Northern Hemisphere . Kulinganiselwa bona ithinta abantu abama-300,000 ngomnyaka e-United States kanye nabantu abama-65,000 ngomnyaka e-Europe. Ukutheleleka kuvame khulu entwasahlobo nasekuthomeni kwehlobo. [4] Ubulwelwe be-Lyme batholwa njengobujamo obuhlukileko kokuthoma ngo-1975 e- Old Lyme, e-Connecticut . [6] Ekuthomeni bekuthathwa njenge -rheumatoid arthritis yabantwana . Ibhaktheriya ebandakanyekako yathoma ukuchazwa ngo-1981 ngu -Willy Burgdorfer . Amatshwayo angapheliko alandela ukwelatjhwa ahlathululwe kuhle begodu aziwa ngokuthi "isifo se-Lyme ngemva kokwelatjhwa" (i-PTLDS). [7] I-PTLDS ihlukile ebulwelweni be-Lyme obungapheliko ; ibizo elingasasekelwa mphakathi wezesayensi begodu lisetjenziswa ngeendlela ezihlukileko ziinqhema ezihlukileko. Abanye abasebenzi bezamaphilo bathi i-PTLDS ibangelwa kutheleleka okungapheliko, kodwana lokhu akukholelwa bona kuliqiniso ngombana abukho ubufakazi bokutheleleka okuhlalako okungatholakala ngemva kokwelatjhwa okujayelekileko. Umjovo wesifo se-Lyme wathengiswa e-United States hlangana nomnyaka ka-1998 ukuya ku-2002, kodwana wahoxiswa emakethe ngebanga lokuthengisa okumbi. [4] Irhubhululo liyaragela phambili ukwenza imijovo etja. [4]
Iinkomba
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCar2007 - ↑ "Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome". 1 December 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/postLDS/index.html.