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U-Jan Van Riebeeck

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U-Jan Van Riebeeck

UJan Van Riebeeck (U-Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" Van Riebeeck) wabelethwa ngomhla wama-21 kuSihlabantangana 1619 e-Culemborg, e-Netherlands abelethwa nguyise ungodorhodere ohlinzako. Wakhulela e-Schiedam, e-Netherlands, kwathi ngomhla wama-28 kuNtaka 1649, watjhada u-Maria de la Queillerie, waba nabantwana ababunane naye.[1]

U-Jan Van Riebeeck waba lilunga le-Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie - VOC) ngo-1639 lapha athoma khona ukuba msizi kadorhodere ohlinzako ekhambeni labo lokuya e-Batavia (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Jakarta) ngenyanga kaSihlabantangana ngo-1639 bese batjhinga e-Nagasaki eJapani ngo-1643.[1]

Umka-Jan Van Riebeeck, u-Maria Quevellerius

Ngo-1645 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wanikelwa isabelo sokuba mphathi wesitetjhi sokurhwebela se-VOC ebesise-Tongkin e-French Indochina (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Vietnam). Wehliswa esikhundleneso ngebanga lokuthi besele azenzela irhwebo lakhe langeqadi, okuphula umthetho wekhamphani othi abaphathi akukafuzi bazenzele irhwebo ngeqadi ngepahla yekhamphani. Kwathi bona ehliswe esikhundleni, wazithola sele kufuze abuyele emva e-Netherlands ayoqalana nemilandu yakhe. Ngikho-ke besele atholakala komunye wemikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Wafika e-Table Bay hlanu kwe-Cape of Good Hope wahlala khona amalanga ali-18. Lokho kwamnikela isikhathi sokuqalisisa indawo, nokucabanga bona angayisebenzisa njani ekwenzeni bona i-VOC imthembe godu. Wayibona iyindawo enganikela ngokudla namanzi kabakhamba ngemikhumbi.[1]

Njengombana umkhumbi i-Nieuwe Haerlem waphahlazeka ngo-1647, abasindileko bakha indawo lapho, u-Jan Van Riebeeck walemuka indlela ebebarhwebelana ngayo namaKhoikhoi njengombana balinde ukutakulwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke watlola umbiko ngendawo le nangakho koke akubonileko, bewahlongoza bona indawo le ingaba yindawo ehle khulu i-VOC engayisebenzisa. Umbiko lo watlolwa ngo-1648 wathunyelwa ekhamphanini. Kwathi ngo-1651 i-VOC yathatha isiqunto sokuthi indawo ye-Cape of Good Hope ayisetjenziselwe iminqopho yekhamphani.[1]

I-VOC yakhetha yena u-Jan Van Riebeeck bona kube nguye umdosiphambili ozokuhloma isitetjhi sokuphumula semikhumbi yamaDatjhi khona izokuthola ukudla okutjha okunepilo namanzi ahlanzekileko. Kwaba kusuka kwakhe-ke u-Jan Van Riebeeck, asuka e-Texel, e-Netherlands ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 bewayokufika e-Table Bay ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.[1] Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-Dromedaris, i-Reijger, i-Goede Hoop, i-Oliphant ne-Walvisch.[2]

Ukufika Kwakhe EKapa

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Ukufika kuka-Jan Van Riebeeck eKapa

U-Jan Van Riebeeck wasuka ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 e-Texel, e-Netherlands, wafika ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.[3] Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-Dromedaris, i-Reijger, i-Goede Hoop, i-Oliphant ne-Walvisch.[4][5] Emithathu le ngiyo eyafika qangi, ngikho kwaziwa khulu le emithathu, le eminye imikhumbi emibili yafika mva. Ekufikeni kwakhe nabantu ebekakhamba nabo ngemikhumbi le wafika wakha indawo yobuphephelo ebizwa bona yi-Fort de Goede Hoop (Fort of Good Hope). Bafika batjala endaweni leyo, kodwana iintjalo zabo khenge zitlhurhe kuhle, mhlamunye ngebanga lobujamo bezulu obungafani nobe-Netherlands, netjharagano ebeliphakathi kwamadoda ebekakhamba nawo nakufuze basebenze batlhgomele imikhumbu edlulako. Abantu bebabancani umsebenzi umnengi.[3]

Kwathi ngo-1655 u-Van Riebeeck wabika bona ngaphandle kwabantu abazimisele ukusebenza emasimini, isitetjhesi sizokubhalelwa ukwenza umsebenzi esihloselwe wona. Kwathi ngo-1657, i-VOC yathumela abalimi ababhadelwako, ngombandela wokuthi balime inarha bebathengisele ikhamphani iintjalo abazilimileko. Ngibo laba ebebabizwa bona ma-Free Burghers (Vry Burgers). U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathatha isikhathi sakhe soke atjala bekakhiqiza amagrepsi, ama-apula namazambana, ukudla okuzokuba lisizo khulu emikhumbini edlulako. Kwathi ngo-1659 besele anesivuno samagrepsi ebesikhiqiza iwayini elibovu elilwisana nobulwele be-scurvy, njengombana besele alemukile bona ukusela iwayini kuyabuvikela ubulwelobu ngokwezinga elithileko.[3]

Endabeni yokurhwebelana, zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoekhoe ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ithengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.[6]

Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato, umdosiphambili wesitjhaba sama-Khoekhoe ama-Gorinhaikona, nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. U-Autshumato wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje, iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. Ama-Khoekhoe aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoekhoe akhambe ayoyeba.[7]

Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-Robben Island ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni. Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.[6] Ngesikhathesi u-Autshumato besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa.[6]

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-Free Burghers (Vry Burgers) neengqila ze-Madagascar. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-Robben Island godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-Robben Island njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa.[6][8]

Ukufa Kwakhe

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Ngomhla wobu-8 kuKhukhulamungu wango-1662 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wakhamba eKapa esesewula Afrika, watjhiya u-Zacharias Wagenaer bona kube nguye osala aphethe endaweni abakiyo eKapa. Wafika wahlala endaweni ebizwa bona yiMalacca namhlanjesi ebizwa bona yi-Melaka eseMalaysia, wahlala lapho bekwaba nguKhukhulamungu wango-1665. Umkakhe wahlongakala ngokubulawa bulwele bepokisi ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba ngo-1664. Ngemva kwalokho wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-Governor-General-in-Council wenarha yeNdiya, begodu wahlala e-Batavia ipilwakhe yoke. Wahlongakala ngomhla we-18 kuTjhirhweni 1677.[9]

Iinkhombo

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 South African History Online (17 October 2011), Jan van Riebeeck. Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retreived on 03/01/2026.
  2. ↑ Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806. Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 South African History Online (17 October 2011), Jan van Riebeeck. Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retreived on 03/01/2026.
  4. ↑ South African History Online (13 January 2024) The Dutch Settlement. Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/article/dutch-settlement Retrieved on 01/01/2026.
  5. ↑ Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806. Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Steemit Website (2018) SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.
  7. ↑ Castle of Good Hope (13th November 2018) Interpreters' Flawed Contracts With DutchRetrieved from: https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/news/100-news/142-interpreters-flawed-contracts-with-dutch. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.
  8. ↑ Camissa Museum (2026) Autshumao (1610 - 1674), Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.
  9. ↑ S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science (2026)Van Riebeeck, Commander Johan Antoniszoon (advancement of science). Retrieved from: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2953. Retrieved on 16/01/2026.
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