U-Martin Luther King Jr.

uMartin Luther King Jr enikeza inkulumo aduma ngayo "I have a Dream Speech"

U-Martin Luther King Jr. (u- Michael King Jr. ; mhlana ali-15 kuTjhirhweni 1929 – mhlana ali-4 kuMrhayili 1968) bekangumlweli wamalungelo wobuntu we-America nomfundisi we -Baptist obekangumdosiphambili wehlangano yamalungelo wobuntu kusukela ngo-1955 bekwaba kulapho abulawa khona ngo-1968. Wathuthukisa amalungelo wobuntu wabantu bemibala e-United States ngokusebenzisa ukujamelana okunganabudlova nokungalaleli komphakathi ngokujamelana nemithetho ka-Jim Crow neminye imihlobo yokubandlulula esemthethweni, ebegade ithinteka khulu Ama-Afrika aseMelika .

Umdosiphambili webandla elimnyama, u-King wahlanganyela begodu wadosa phambili ematjhini wokufuna ilungelo lokuvowuda, ukuhlukaniswa, amalungelo wabasebenzi, namanye amalungelo womphakathi. Waphatha ukudliwa kwamabhasi we-Montgomery ngo-1955 begodu waba ngumongameli wokuthoma we-Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), arhola i-Albany Movement engaphumeleliko e-Albany, Georgia, begodu wasiza ukuhlela imibhikisho enganabudlova yango-1963 e-Birmingham, Alabama. U-King bekamunye wabadosiphambili be-1963 March e-Washington, lapho anikela khona ikulumo yakhe ethi "Nginephupho", begodu wasiza ukuhlela ama-match amabili kwamathathu we-Selma ukuya e-Montgomery ngesikhathi se-1965 Selma voting rights movement. Kwaba nokujamelana okukhulu nabaphathi abahlukanisako, ebegade baphendula ngolaka.[2] Umkhankaso wamalungelo wobuntu wazuza iinzuzo eziqakathekileko zomthetho emThethweni wamaLungelo woMphakathi ka-1964, umThetho wamaLungelo wokuVowuda ka-1965, kanye nomThetho weZindlu eziLungileko ka-1968.

U-King wavalelwa ejele kanengi. Umnqophisi we -Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) u-J. Edgar Hoover wathatha u-King njengomuntu oqakatheke khulu begodu wamenza waba yinto ye- COINTELPRO kusukela ngo-1963. Ama-ejenti we-FBI amphenyisisa bona angaba nobudlelwano bamakhomanisi, ahlola ipilo yakhe, begodu amrekhoda ngasese. Ngo-1964, i-FBI yathumela u-King incwadi ethusako engaziwako, ayihlathulula njengomzamo wokwenza bona azibulale. U-King wathumba umvuzo we-Nobel Peace Prize ngo-1964 ngokulwisana nokungalingani ngokobuhlanga ngokusebenzisa ukujamelana okunganadlakela. Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina, wandisa ukutjheja kwakhe ukufaka hlangana ukuphikiswa kobuphofu nePi ye-Vietnam .

Ipilo yokuthoma nefundo

uKing Jr. wabelethwa mhlazi-15 kuTjhirhweni 1929, e- Atlanta, ngowesibili ebantwaneni abathathu baka- Michael King no -Alberta King ( née Williams ). Ubaba ka-Alberta, u-Adam Daniel Williams, bekangumfundisi we -Georgia emaphandleni, wathuthela e-Atlanta ngo-1893, begodu waba mfundisi we- Ebenezer Baptist Church ngomnyaka olandelako. U-Williams watjhada no-Jennie Celeste Parks. U-Michael Sr. wabelethwa babantu abahlanganyela abalimi u-James Albert no-Delia King be- Stockbridge, e-Georgia ; kungenzeka bona bekavela ku -Mende ( Sierra Leone ). Wabhalisa e- Morehouse College ukufunda ukungena emsebenzini. U-Michael Sr. no-Alberta bathoma ukuthandana ngo-1920, begodu batjhada mhlazi-25 kuNobayeni 1926. Bekube sekufeni kwaka-Jennie ngo-1941, ikhaya labo belisesitezi sesibili sekhaya lababelethi baka-Alberta, lapho u-King abelethelwa khona. U-Michael Jr. bekanodadewabo omdala, u-Christine King Farris, nomfowabo omncani, u-Alfred Daniel King .. uKing wabulawa mhlana ali-4 kuMrhayili 1968 abe noJesse Jackson kanye nabanye.