Umsebenzisi:Mosakaruka/Draft Page 1
Draft Space 1
[edit | hlela umthombo]Ukufika KwamaBhuru ESewula Afrika
[edit | hlela umthombo]AmaDatjhi (ngokhamba kwesikhathi abizwa ngamaBhuru) afika esewula ne-Afrika, eKapa, ngomhla we-6 kuSihlabantangana 1652. Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu badoswa phambili ngu-Jan van Riebeeck. Isizathu esenza amaDatjhi azithole aseKapa yindaba yezerhwebo. Abantwaba bebangaphasi kwekhamphani ebizwa bona yi-Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie - VOC).[1]
Ikhamphani le beyithatha ipahla, ikhambe amalwandle ngemikhumbi, iyoyithengisa eNdiya. Yeke ngebanga lokubalekela iingebengu zelwandle bebazomba inarhakazi yoke ye-Afrika. Kodwana ibangeli belilide khulu, begodu imikhumbi beyiphelelwa kukudla isesendleleni. Yeke bekufuze kube nendawo lapha bangajama khona baphumule bathole nokudla okuzobafikisa eNdiya, iinthelo, imirorho, namanzi ahlanzekileko ebekutholakala budisi kezinye iindawo. IKapa yaba ngileyondawo, ngikho nje beyibizwa bona yi-Cape of Good Hope.
U-Jan Van Riebeek wabona indawo le asendleleni ebuyela emva eHolland, avela eJapani, njengombana bekathengisela i-VOC iinkhumba. Wathi nakehla emkhunjini eKapa, wabona indawo le ingaba yihle khulu bona imikhumbi ye-VOC ingaphumulela khona bese iraga nekhambo layo itjhinge eNdiya.
U-Jan Van Riebeeck - 1647
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Kuhlekuhle bekungasikokuthoma amaDatjhi afika ngo-1652. Bakhe bafika okokuthoma ngenyanga kaNtaka ngo-1647 bakhamba ngomkhumbi obizwa bona yi-Nieuwe Haarlem. Umkhumbi lo wafika waphahlazeka eKapa. Abasinda emkhunjini lowo bafika bakha indawo abayibiza bona yi-Sand Fort of the Cape of Good Hope. Bahlala lapho pheze umnyaka woke. Ekugcineni kwafika imikhumbili eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Komunye wemikhumbi le bekunendoda ebizwa bona ngu-Jan Van Riebeeck.[2][3]
UJan Van Riebeeck (U-Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck) wabelethwa ngomhla ka-21 kuSihlabantangana 1619 e-Culemborg, e-Netherlands abelethwa nguyise ungodorhodere ohlinzako. Wakhulela e-Schiedam, e-Netherlands where, kwathi ngomhla wama-28 kuNtaka 1649, watjhada u-Maria de la Queillerie, waba nabantwana ababunane naye.[3]
U-Jan van Riebeeck waba lilunga le-Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie - VOC) ngo-1639 lapha athoma khona ukuba msizi kadorhodere ohlinzako ekhambeni labo lokuya e- Batavia (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Jakarta) ngenyanga kaSihlabantangana 1639 bese batjhinga e-Nagasaki eJapani ngo-1643.[3]
Ngo-1645 u-Jan van Riebeeck wanikelwa isabelo sokuba mphathi wesitetjhi sokurhwebela se-VOC ebesise-Tongkin e-French Indochina (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Vietnam). Wehliswa esikhundleneso ngebanga lokuthi besele azenzela irhwebo lakhe langeqadi, okuphula umthetho wekhamphani othi abaphathi akukafuzi bazenzele irhwebo ngeqadi ngepahla yekhamphani. Kwathi bona ehliswe esihlkhundleni, wazithola sele kufuze abuyele emva e-Netherlands. Ngikho-ke besele atholakala komnuye wemikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Wafika e-Table Bay hlanu kwe-Cape of Good Hope wahlala khona amalanga ali-18. Lokho kwamnikela isikhathi sokuqalisisa indawo, nokucabanga bona angayisebenzisa njani ekwenzeni bona i-VOC imthembe godu. Wayibona iyindawo enganikela ngokudla namanzi kabakhamba ngemikhumbi.[3]
Njengombana umkhumbi i-Nieuwe Haerlem waphahlazeka ngo-1647, abasindileko bakha indawo lapho, u-Jan Van Riebeeck walemuka indlela ebebarhwebelana ngayo namaKhoikhoi njengombana balinde ukutakulwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke watlola umbiko ngendawo le nangakho koke akubonileko, bewahlongoza bona indawo le ingaba yindawo ehle khulu i-VOC engayisebenzisa. Umbiko lo watlolwa ngo-1648 wathunyelwa ekhamphanini. Kwathi ngo-1651 i-VOC yathatha isiqunto sokuthi indawo ye-Cape of Good Hope ayisetjenziselwe iminqopho yekhamphani.[3]
I-VOC yakhetha yena u-Jan van Riebeeck bona kube nguye umdosiphambili ozokuhloma isitetjhi sokuphumula semikhumbi yamaDatjhi khona izokuthola ukudla okutjha okunepilo namanzi ahlanzekileko. Kwaba kusuka kwakhe-ke u-Jan Van Riebeek, asuka e-Texel, e-Netherlands ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 bewayokufika e-Table Bay ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.[3] Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emithathu - i-Dromedaris, i-Reijger, i-Goede Hoop, i-Oliphant ne-Walvisch.”[1][2]
Ukufika KwamaDatjhi - 1652
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U-Jan Van Riebeeck wasuka ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 e-Texel, e-Netherlands, wafika ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.[3] Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emithathu - i-Dromedaris, i-Reijger, i-Goede Hoop, i-Oliphant ne-Walvisch.[1][2] Ekufikeni kwakhe nabantu ebekakhamba nabo ngemikhumbi le wafika wakha indawo yobuphephelo ebizwa bona yi-Fort de Goede Hoop (Fort of Good Hope). Bafika batjala endaweni leyo, kodwana iintjalo zabo khenge zitlhurhe kuhle, mhlamunye ngebanga lobujamo bezulu obungafani nobe-Netherlands, netjharagano ebeliphakathi kwamadoda ebekakhamba nawo nakufuze basebenze batlhgomele imikhumbu edlulako. Abantu bebabancani umsebenzi umnengi.[3]
Kwathi ngo-1655 u-van Riebeeck wabika bona ngaphandle kwabantu abazimiseleko ukusebenza emasimini, isitetjhesi sizokubhalelwa ukwenza umsebenzi esihloselwe wona. Kwathi ngo-1657, i-VOC yathumela abalimi ababhadelwako, ngombandela wokuthi abalime inarha bebathengisele ikhamphani iintjalo abazilimileko. Ngibo laba ebebizwa bona ma-free burghers. U-Jan van Riebeeck wathatha isikhathi sakhe soke atjala bekakhiqiza amagrepsi, ama-apula namazambana azokuba lisizo khulu emikhumbini edlulako. Kwathi ngo-1659 besele anesivuno samagrepsi ebesikhiqiza iwayini elibovu elilwisana nobulwele be-scurvy, njengombana besele alemukile bona ukusela iwayini kuyabuvikela ubulwelobu ngokwezinga elithileko.[3]
Ama-Khoikhoi - 1654
[edit | hlela umthombo]Ukuthoma kokufika kwamaDatjhi eKapa (Cape of Good Hope) khenge kuwamangaze abantu bendabuko bendawo leyo ama-Khoikhoi ngombana besele kukade ama-Khoi arhwebelana nemikhumbi endaweni leyo. AmaDatjhi afika nje ama-Khoikhoi besele kukade arhwebelana namaPutukezi namaNgisi. Nangaphezu kokufika kuka-van Riebeeck, ngokuya kuka-Knox‑Johnson, phakathi nomnyaka wabo-1600 kuya ku-1700, besele kudlule imikhumbi yamaDatjhi eziyi-1 730. Yeke amaKhoikhoi bekangawaqabuki amaDatjhi ngesikhatheso.[4]
Esikhathini sokufika kwamaDatjhi bekunendoda ebizwa bona ngu-Autshumao, amaDatjhi ebebambiza bona ngu-Harry. U-Autshumao bekayikosi yesitjhaba samaKhoikhoi. Isitetjhana sokurhwebelana nabantu bemikhumbi sathonywa nguye. Ngo-1630 wathathwa maNgisi esitjhabeni sekhabo bona ambandulele bona kube nguye okghona ukukhulumisana nabanye ngendaba yezokurhwebelana. Yeke amaNgisi amthatha amusa e-Java wafika wabandulwa, wathi nakabuya eKapa bamthatha bamusa e-Robben Island yena nabalandeli bakhe. Bekuthi imikhumbi nayifikako ambathe iimpahla zamaYurobhu akhulumisane nabokapteni bemikhumbi, akhulume isiNgisi nesiFrentji. Bambiza bona yi-Governor.[5]
Kwathi ngo-1638, u-Autshumao nomphakathi wekhabo ebewunabantu abangaba ma-60, babuya esihlengehlengeni beza enarheni eKapa, lapha kuhlangana khona umlambo i-Camissa River nelwandle. Yena nomndenakhe ngibo ebebaphethe isitetjhi sokurhwebelana i-‖Ammaqua (okutjho Abantu bemanzini) okulibizo u-Jan van Riebeeck ebekababiza ngalo.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 South African History Online (13 January 2024) The Dutch Settlement. Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/article/dutch-settlement Retrieved on 01/01/2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806. Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 South African History Online (17 October 2011), Jan van Riebeeck. Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retreived on 03/01/2026.
- ↑ Helen Swingler (22 September 2021) Heritage Month: The Khoi encountered Europeans long before Van Riebeeck, University of Cape Town News. Retrieved from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-09-22-the-khoi-encountered-europeans-long-before-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.
- ↑ Camissa Museum (2026) Autshumao (1610 - 1674), Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.