Umsebenzisi:Mosakaruka/Draft Page 3

Draft Space 3

U-Autshumato

U-Autshumato namkha u-Autshumao, (c. 1610-1663) amaDatjhi ebebamazi ngo-Harry die Strandloper, bekayikosi yesitjhaba sama-Khoekhoe ( namkha ama-Khoekhoe) ebesibizwa bona ma-Gorinhaikona ebesihlala endaweni yeKapa lakade, amaDatjhi awayibiza nge-Cape of Good Hope. Ngesikhathi amaDatjhi afika, umuntu wokuthoma ukubamukela bekungu-Autshumao nabantu bakhe. Ngikho nje amaDatjhi bebababiza ngokuthi ma-Strandloper ngombana babathola bakhamba eligwini lelwandle. Kusukela bathoma ukubonana bathoma nokurhwebelana.^[1]^[2]

Into eyenza bona u-Autshumato aqakatheke emlandweni weSewula Afrika kukuthi zinengi izinto ezenzeka epilwenakhe ezivala isikhala somlando wokusebenzelana kwabantu abanzima nabamhlophe eSewula Afrika. U-Autsumato wasebenzelana nabantu ebebeza ngemikhumbi eKapa ngombana bekakwazi ukukhulumisana nabo ngesiNgisi, isiDatjhi, isiPutukezi nesiFrentji,^[2] begodu ukusebenzelana kwakhe nabo kwaba nemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside, esesekhona bekube namhlanjesi.^[3]

Ipilwakhe Ngaphambi Kokufika KwamaDatjhi

Kungenzeka u-Autshumato wabelethwa ngabo-1610 endaweni yeKapa ebeyibizwa bona yi-Cape of Good Hope. Bekayikosi yesitjhaba sama-Gorinhaikona, esima-Khoekhoe.^[1] Ibizo lakhe lokubelethwa bekungu-Arri, njengombana nezibulo lakhe igama lalo lingu-Arri. U-Autshumato (okutjho ukuthi "loyo othaya neemfesi, ǀAu-tsâma-ao) bekulibizo ebebambongelela ngalo, ngebanga lokuthi bekathaya emanzini ngendlela erarako, aduda ngasuthi yifesi.^[2]

Ngabo-1630 wathathwa maNgisi amusa e-Bantam eNgilandi bona ambandulele ukuba mkhulumeli wabantu abeza ngemikhumbi yamaNgisi. Ngibo abamupha negama lika-Harry. Kulapho afunda khona ukukhuluma isiNgisi nesiDatjhi. Kubonakala ngasuthi watjhinga ne-Batavia^[1]. Wathi nakabuya eKapa ngo-1931, yena nabalandeli bakhe bavula isitetjhi sokurhweba e-Robben Island. Bekuthi imikhumbi nayifikako, ambathe iimpahla ezimbathwa maYurobhu, akhulume nabokapteni bemikhumbi ngesibindi. Lokho, kwenza u-Autshumato wabizwa ngokobana yi-'Governor' maNgisi namaFrentji.^[2]

Kwaba nelinye godu ibanga elenza bona amaNgisi amthathe amuse e-Robben Island . U-Autshumato besele arhitjhene nezinye iintjhaba zama-Khoekhoe. Wabawa umkhumbi wamaNgisi ebewudlula endaweni leyo bona uthathe yena nabalandeli bakhe basiwe e-Robben Island, nangambala kwaba njalo. Esikhathineso u-Autshumato wasebenziswa njengeposo yemikhumbi yamaYurobhu. Kungenzeka isiFrentji nesiPutukezi wazifunda lapho. Kwathi ngemva kweminyaka ebunane, ngabo-1940 wabuya, ngombana irarano liphelile.^[1] Babuya esihlengehlengeni beza enarheni eKapa, lapha kuhlangana khona umlambo i-Camissa River nelwandle. Yena nomndenakhe ngibo ebebaphethe isitetjhi sokurhwebelana i-‖Ammaqua (okutjho bona Abantu bemanzini) okulibizo u-Jan Van Riebeeck ebekababiza ngalo ekuthomeni.^[4]^[2]

Ipilwakhe Ngemva Kokufika KwamaDatjhi

Afika amaDatjhi ngo-1652 ngemikhumbi yawo emihlanu, i-Dromedaris, i-Reijger, i-Goede Hoop, i-Oliphant ne-Walvisch. Ukuthoma kokufika kwamaDatjhi eKapa (Cape of Good Hope) khenge kubamangaze abantu bendabuko bendawo leyo ama-Khoekhoe. AmaDatjhi afika nje ama-Khoekhoe besele kukade arhwebelana namaNgisi, amaPutukezi namaFrentji. Nangaphezu kokufika kuka-Van Riebeeck, ngokuya kuka-Knox‑Johnson, phakathi nomnyaka wabo-1600 kuya ku-1700, besele kudlule imikhumbi yamaDatjhi eyi-1 730. Yeke ama-Khoekhoe bekangawaqabuki amaDatjhi ngesikhatheso.^[5]

Endabeni yokurhwebelana, zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoekhoe ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ithengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.^[1]

Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. U-Autshumato wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje, iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. Ama-Khoekhoe aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoekhoe akhambe ayoyeba.^[6]

Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-Robben Island ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni. Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.^[1] Ngesikhathesi u-Autshumato besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa.^[1]

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-Free Burghers (Vry Burgers) neengqila ze-Madagascar. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-Robben Island godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-Robben Island njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa.^[1]^[2]

Ubuhlobo bamaDatjhi nama-Khoekhoe bebuhlala bunemiraro kangangobana amaDatjhi abatjhidisela kude nendawo abakiyo. U-Autshumato waragela phambili nokufuya nokurhwebelana nabakhambi namaDatjhi bekwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1663, ngemva komnyaka u-Jan Van Riebeeck akhambile. Ngo-1713 u-Francois Valentyn wabika bona isitjhaba sama-Gorinhaikona besele singasabonakali endaweni leyo. Uthi kungenzeka baqedwe bulwele bepokisi obarhagala ngo-1713.^[1]

Iinkhombo

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Steemit Website (2018) SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Camissa Museum (2026) Autshumao (1610 - 1674), Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.
↑ Britnnica Kids (2026) Autshumato, Britannica Kids website. Retrieved from: https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Autshumato/601918. Retrieved on 15/01/2026.
↑ Roben Island Museum (13 May 2017) Autshumato. Retrieved from: http://www.robben-island.org.za/departments/heritage/gallery/autshumato.asp. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.
↑ Helen Swingler (22 September 2021) Heritage Month: The Khoi encountered Europeans long before Van Riebeeck, University of Cape Town News. Retrieved from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-09-22-the-khoi-encountered-europeans-long-before-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.
↑ Castle of Good Hope (13th November 2018) Interpreters' Flawed Contracts With DutchRetrieved from: https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/news/100-news/142-interpreters-flawed-contracts-with-dutch. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.

[:5-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Steemit Website (2018) SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.

[:4-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Camissa Museum (2026) Autshumao (1610 - 1674), Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.

[3] Britnnica Kids (2026) Autshumato, Britannica Kids website. Retrieved from: https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Autshumato/601918. Retrieved on 15/01/2026.

[:3-4] Roben Island Museum (13 May 2017) Autshumato. Retrieved from: http://www.robben-island.org.za/departments/heritage/gallery/autshumato.asp. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.

[5] Helen Swingler (22 September 2021) Heritage Month: The Khoi encountered Europeans long before Van Riebeeck, University of Cape Town News. Retrieved from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-09-22-the-khoi-encountered-europeans-long-before-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.

[6] Castle of Good Hope (13th November 2018) Interpreters' Flawed Contracts With DutchRetrieved from: https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/news/100-news/142-interpreters-flawed-contracts-with-dutch. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.

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