Umsebenzisi:Mosakaruka/Draft Page 3

Draft Space 3

I-Capitalism

I-Capitalism namkha ihlelo lokuthola inzuzo lihlelo elilawula ezomnotho lapha ipahla nomkhiqizo wayo kulawulwa babantu abazijameleko namkha mabubulo azijameleko ngehloso yokufumana inzuzo. Abantwaba ngibo ababeka intengo yepahla ethengiswako ngendlela yokuthi bona bathole abakufunako ngokunikela umphakathi lokho okufunako. Ihlelweli lande khulukhulu eenarheni zangetjingalanga. Ihloso ekulu ye-capitalism kuthola inzuzo kilokho okuthengiswako. Ngokwesazi sefilosofi u-Adam Smith, sangabo-1700 okunguye oqalwa njengobaba weemfundo zezomnotho zanamhlanjesi, uthi: "Usosilarha, umtlhodlhi wotjwala namkha umbhagi abenzi umusa nabenza umsebenzabo, kodwana bawenza ngebanga lenzuzo abayifunako." Amahlangothi womabili ayathengiselana ngokuzithandela khona azokuthola inzuzo ngaphandle kokutjho lokho akufunako kwamambala. Lokho umuntu akufunako ngikho okwenza umnotho ukhule bewuphumelele.^[1] Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo nezenzelwa ngaphasi kwe-capitalism kusekelwe ezintweni ezifunekako nezinto ezitholakalako. Okuletha inzuzo njengamafekthri, amamayini neemporo, zingalawula bezibe ngezomuntu ozijameleko, abasebenzako bangabhadelwa ngemali, abanikazi abazijameleko bangathola inzuzo, intengo yalokho okuthengiswako ingaletha inzuzo nomsebenzi ephaliswaneni lezerhwebo. Nanyana ihlelweli le-capitalism lisisekelo sawo woke ama-ikonomi akhona namhlanjesi, eminyakeni elikhulu edlulileko belingelinye lamahlelo amabili aphalisanako. Elinye bekuyi-socialism, lapha urhulumende kunguye olawula amabhizinisi nendlela yokhiqiza bona yandise ipahla yomphakathi kunokuthi kutholakale inzuzo.^[1]

Umlando We-Capitalism

Nanyana ukuthuthukiswa kwe-capitalism njengehlelo bekwenzeka ngeminyaka yabo-1500, iinhlangano zabantu abafuna inzuzo bezisolo zikhona kwekadeni, begodu abantwaba bebasolo benza inzuzo eYurobhu ngaphambi kwalokho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-capitalism bekudoswa phambili kukhula kwebubulo elithengisa itjhila lamaNgisi ngabo-1500, 1600, nabo-1700. Into ebeyiletha ithuthuko le ehlukanisa i-capitalism kwamanye amahlelo wangaphambilini bekukusetjeniswa kwenzuzo ukukhulisa izinga lokukhiqiza kunokuthi ifakwe ezintweni ezingalethi inzuzo, njengamaphiramidi nama-cathedral.^[2] Ngaphambi kwe-capitalism bekunamanye amahlelo wokukhiqiza neenhlangano zomphakathi ebekungizo ezidosa phambili ngalesosikhathi.

I-feudalism - Imirabhu Ye-capitalism

I-capitalism kuhlekuhle libelethwa lihlelo le-feudalism. Bekube seminyakeni yabo-1100, bancane khulu abantu ebebahlala emalokitjhini. Abasebenzi abanamakghono ahlukahlukeneko bebahlala edorobheni kodwana banikelwe indawo yokufihla ihloko makhosana awabizwa bona ma-feudal esikhundleni sokubanikela umrholo, begodu bebabalimi beenkhulu zakhona. Nanyana kunjalo, nakuphela iminyaka yesikhathi esiphakathi kwathoma kwaqubuka amalokitjhi, bese amadorobho waba yindawo yomsebenzi neyokurhwebelana, lokho kwenza ezomnotho zaba yinto eqakathekileko. Ngaphasi kwehlelo le-feudalism, umphakathi wahlukaniswa ngokweengaba kuye ngokuthi ubelethelwe kimuphi umndeni nesigaba umndenakho okiso. Iinkhulu (iintatanyiswa) bekubanikazi benarha, bese ababasebenzelako bebanganayo inarha kodwana bebaqatjhwa ziinkhulu. Kwathi lokha izinto nazitjhugulukela ekubeni khona kwamafemu namafekthri, indlela yokurhwebelana yatjhuguluka, begodu yakhuthaza abantu bona bathuthele emalokitjhini lapha bazokwenza khona imali enengana basebenza emafektrhi kunokuthi basebenzela iinkhulu.^[3]

I-Mercantilism

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, ihlelo elibizwa bona yi-mercantilisim langena esikhundleni se-feudalism eTjingalanga Yurobhu, begodu laba lihlelo eliyihloko elilawula ezomnotho nezeemali phakathi kwabo-1500 nabo-1600. Ihlelweli lathoma ngokurhwebelana emiphakathini yamalokitjhi ahlukahlukeneko, kodwana belinganayo iphaliswano. Ekuthomeni esinye nesinye isigoga besinikela ngemikhiqizo nezenzelwa, okwathi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi imikhiqizo nezenzelwezo zafana zangaba namatshwayo azihlukanisako, ikani nazenza umsebenzi lowo ezenzelwe wona kuye ngetlhogeko yazo. Ngemva kokuthi imikhiqizo nezenzelwa zibe njalo, irhwebo belenziwa miphakathi emikhudlwana: kusukela kwelinye ilokitjhi kuya kwelinye, kusukela kwenye inarha ukuya kwenye, isifunda nesifunda ekugcineni isitjhaba ngesitjhaba. Kwathi bona iintjhaba ezinengi zirhwebelane ngepahla efanako, irhwebo lathola ukuba nephaliswano, kwathoma kwaba nobutjhaba enarhakazini ebeyisolo iqalana nezipi.^[3] I-colonialism yathoma yadlondlobala ikhambisana ne-mercantilism, kodwana iintjhaba lezi ezifika kwezinye bese zihlale khona bezilinga ukukhulisa irhwebo lazo. Kuhlekuhle i-colonialism yenziwa ngebanga lehlelo lezomnotho elibelethwe yi-feudalism. Ipahla ebeyitholwa eenarheni ezikholonayiziweko bezisiwa enarheni ekholonayizileko, ngokwesibonelo kiwo woke amakoloni we-Britain aseTlhagwini Amerikha, akatelelwa bona athenge kabutjha umkhiqizo osele uqediwe ngemali ebeyibenza amakoloni la angakghoni ukurhwebelana nezinye iinarha.^[3]

Kulapha-ke isazi sezomnotho u-Adam Smith alemuka khona bona i-mercantilism lihlelo elibuyiselana emuva ebelibangela ukungalingani phakathi kweetjhaba, begodu elingazivumeli iintjhabezo bona zithuthuke. Ifundiswakhe yokuthi abantu bathengiselane ngendlela etjhaphulukileko ngiyo eyenza iphasi lalemuka i-capitalism.^[3]

Ukukhula Kwe-indastri

Amaphuzu ka-Adam Smith afika ngesikhathi esihle, njengombana i-Industrial Revolution besele ithoma umsikinyeko ebewuzokusikinya loke iphasi langetjingalanga. I-colonialisim ilethe umnotho omutjha netlhogeko etjha yemikhiqizo ye-indastri, eyenza izikweli lathuthuka ekwenzeni amahlelo wokukhiqiza. Njengombana itheknoloji ithuthuka, amafekthri akhenge asasebenzisa imilambo namawindimili bona akhambise imitjhini, kodwana bathoma ukwakha iindawo zabo emadorobheni amakhulu lapha kunabantu abanengi abangabasebenzela.

Iinsekelo Okwakhelwe Kizo I-capitalism

I-Capitalism yakhelwe kileziinsekelo ezilandelako:

Ipahla kufuze ibe ngeyomuntu namkha ikhamphani ezijameleko. Lokho kwenza abantu babe banikazi bepahla enjengenarha nezindlu namkha amabhondi nama-stocks.
Kufuze isekelwe kulokho umuntu azivunela khona mathupha ngaphandle kokuthi bakatelelwe mphakathi namkha urhulumende. Nanyana abantwaba bazilawula bona ngokwalokho abakufunako.
Kufuze kube nephaliswano, amafemu kufuze abe netjhaphuluko yokungenga nokuphuma emamakethe, izuzise bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengi balowomkhiqizo.
Ihlelo lemakethe okungilo elibeka intengo ngendlela yayo phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi
Kufuze ube netjhaphuluko yokukhetha okuthengako, okukhiqizako notjala imalakho kikho, kube nabantu abazokuzuza khulu ngalokho ingasi epahleni nezenzelweni kwaphela kodwana nendleleni abarhola ngayo.

Iinkhombo

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 International Monetary Fund (2026), Free markets may not be perfect but they are probably the best way to organize an economy. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/series/back-to-basics/capitalism. Retrieved on 14/07/2026.
↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica (2026) Capitalism, Britannica Money.Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/money/capitalism. Retrieved on 15/07/2026.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 By Daniel Liberto (Updated June 30, 2026) What Is Capitalism? History, Pros & Cons, vs. Socialism, investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalism.asp. Retrieed on 20/07/2026.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 International Monetary Fund (2026), Free markets may not be perfect but they are probably the best way to organize an economy. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/series/back-to-basics/capitalism. Retrieved on 14/07/2026.

[2] Encyclopaedia Britannica (2026) Capitalism, Britannica Money.Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/money/capitalism. Retrieved on 15/07/2026.

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 By Daniel Liberto (Updated June 30, 2026) What Is Capitalism? History, Pros & Cons, vs. Socialism, investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalism.asp. Retrieed on 20/07/2026.

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