Umsebenzisi:Mr. Ibrahem/Ukutlhayela ukutjheja nokusebenza khulu
Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo:Infobox medical condition Ukuhluleka ukutjheja ( ADHD ) mraro wengqondo womhlobo wokukhula kwemizwa . Ibonakala ngobudisi bokutjheja, ukusebenza ngokweqileko, nokwenza ngaphandle kokuqalela imiphumela, okungafanelanga iminyaka yomuntu . Abanye abantu abane-ADHD nabo batjengisa ubudisi bokulawula imizwa namkha imiraro yokusebenza kwesikhulu . [1] Ukuthola isifo, amatshwayo kufanele avele ngaphambi kobana umuntu abe neminyaka elitjhumi nambili, abe khona isikhathi esingaphezu kweenyanga ezisithandathu, begodu abangele imiraro okungenani eendaweni ezimbili (njengesikolo, ekhaya, nofana emisebenzini yokuzithabisa). Ebantwaneni, imiraro yokutjheja ingabangela bona bangasebenzi kuhle esikolweni. [2] Phezu kwalokho kunokuhlobana neminye imiraro yengqondo nokusetjenziswa kumbi kweendakamizwa . Nanyana kubangela ukukhubazeka, khulukhulu emphakathini wanamhlanjesi, abantu abanengi abane-ADHD bangaba nokutjheja okuhlalako emisebenzini abayifumana ikarisako nofana inomvuzo (eyaziwa ngokuthi yi -hyperfocus ).
Nanyana kuyinto efundwa khulu begodu ihlolwe khulu ebantwaneni nasebatjha, imbangela eqondileko ayaziwa emacaleni amanengi. Iinzathu zofuzo zilinganiselwa bona zenza ama-75% wobungozi. Ukuvezwa kwe-nicotine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba yingozi ebhodulukweni. Akubonakali ngasuthi kuhlobana nesitayela sokukhulisa abantwana nofana ukulaya. Ithinta abantwana abangaba ma-5-7% lokha nabatholwa ngendlela ye -DSM-IV kanye ne-1-2% lokha nabahlolwa ngendlela ye -ICD-10 . Kusukela ngo-2015, kulinganiselwa bona izokuthinta abantu abangaba ziingidi ezima-51.1 ephasini loke. Amazinga ayafana hlangana namazwe begodu athembele khulu ekutheni ihlolwa njani. I-ADHD itholakala pheze kabili ebantwaneni abafana ukudlula ebantwaneni, [1] nanyana ubujamo lobu buvamise ukunganakwa ebantwaneni abantazana ngombana amatshwayo wabo ahlukile kwalabo abafana. Abantu abangaba ma-30-50% abahlolwa ebuntwaneni baragela phambili nokuba namatshwayo bekube sebudaleni begodu hlangana nama-2-5% wabantu abadala banabo ubujamo. Ebantwini abadala ukungazinzi kwangaphakathi kunokusebenza khulu kungenzeka. Bavamise ukuthuthukisa amakghono wokujamelana nobujamo enza ezinye nofana zoke iinqabo zabo. Ubujamo bungaba budisi ukubuhlukanisa nezinye ubujamo, kanye nokubuhlukanisa namazinga aphezulu womsebenzi asese ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuziphatha okujayelekileko.
Iincomo zokulawula i-ADHD ziyahluka ngokweenarha begodu zivamise ukufaka hlangana ukuhlanganiswa kokuyeleliswa, ukutjhugulula indlela yokuphila, kanye nemithi. Umhlahlandlela we-Britain uncoma imithi njengendlela yokwelapha yokuthoma ebantwaneni abaneempawu ezimbi khulu begodu imithi kufanele icatjangelwe kilabo abaneempawu eziphakathi nendawo abangafuni namkha ababhalelwa ngcono ngokucebisa, nanyana ebantwini abadala imithi iyindlela yokuthoma yokwelapha. Imihlahlandlela ye-Canada ne-America iphakamisa ukulawulwa kokuziphatha ebantwaneni abaseminyakeni yokuthoma esikolweni ngesikhathi imithi nokwelapha ngokuziphatha ndawonye kunconywa ngemva kwalokho. Ukwelatjhwa ngezinto ezivuselelako kusebenza okungenani iminyaka eli-14 iinyanga; nanyana kunjalo, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside akukacaci begodu kunemiphumela emimbi engaba khona. ] 36
Iincwadi zezokwelapha zihlathulule amatshwayo afana nalawo we-ADHD kusukela ngekhulu le-18. I-ADHD, ukutholwa kwayo, nokwelatjhwa kwayo bekuthathwa njengento ephikisanako kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1970. Ukuphikisana kufaka hlangana abodorhodere, abotitjhere, abenzi bomthethokambiso, ababelethi, nabezindaba. Iinhloko zifaka hlangana iimbangela ze-ADHD nokusetjenziswa kwemithi evuselelako ekwelapheni kwayo. Inengi labahlinzeki bezamaphilo bamukela i-ADHD njengesifo samambala ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala, begodu ikulumiswano emphakathini wezesayensi ikakhulukazi igxile ekutheni itholakala njani begodu ilatjhwa njani. Ubujamo bebubizwa ngokuthi yi -attention deficit disorder ( ADD ) kusukela ngo-1980 ukuya ku-1987, kuthi ngaphambi kwalokhu bebubizwa ngokuthi yi -hyperkinetic reaction yobuntwana .