Iintjalo Ezisengozini Yokutjhabalala
Iintjalo Ezisengozini Yokutjhabalala
[edit | edit source]Isingeniso
[edit | edit source]Iintjalo nemithi esiphila hlangana nayo nanyana etholaka endaweni zangekhethu iqakatheke khulu. Kunemisebenzi eminengi eyenzako ukuze siphile upilo ehle nephephileko. Nanyana kunjalo, kunomraro wokutjhabala kweentjalo nemithi enarheni yoke zombelele (Pfab no-Victor 2002[1]; ne-Wikipedia 2024[2]). Ngokuya kuka-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013:205)[3] ama-% ama-95 ukuya kuma-% ama-99 wemithi neenjalo ezikhethekileko ebe zikhona ngaphambili nje sele zingasekho nayana ziseduze nokungasabi khona. Ibelo leli ezitjhabalala ngalo ngilo elithusa abatlhogomeli bemvelo nanyana bendabuko (Stohlgren noKumar 2013[3]). Ngamanye amagama, ukutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi bekuvele kukhona kodwana nje umraro kukuthi zitjhabalala ngebelo eliphezulu khulu begodu kubudisi ukulilawula. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana sikhuluma ngani nasikhuluma ngokutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi begodi sibuye sitjheje nembangela nanyana isithintela esibanga ukutjhalala kwemithi neentjalo lokhu.
Sikhuluma ngani nasikhuluma ngokutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi na?
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I-South African National Biodiversity Institute (I-SANBI) [2010[4]] yathi, kukhona iinjalo nemithi, khulukhulu yendabuko nanyana yemvelo leyo ekhamba inyamala ngemva kwesikhathi. Ngokuya kwebonelophambili, imithi neentjalo le ekhamba inyamala ilinginiselwa een-2 553 eSewula Afrika kwaphela (SANBI 2013[5]). Ukungezelela, iintjalo lezo nemithi kufikelwa lapho zingasatholakali khona ngemva kokunyamela (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]; ne-Wikipedia 2024[2]). Ukunyamela kweentjalo nemithi lokhu bezingasatholakali kubizwa bonyana kutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi (SANBI 2010[4]).
Ukutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi lokhu kubangelwa zizinto ezuhlukileko begodu nebelo lokutjhabalala kwazo akufani. Kukhona ezinye ezitjhabalala ngebelo eliphezulu, khulukhulu lezo ezitholakala emadorobheni bese kube nalezo ezitjhabalala ngebelo elingasiphezulu khulu (Pfab no-Victor 2002[1]).
Esikhathini esinengi iintjalo nemithi etjhabalalako ngileyo yendabuko begodu ekhethekileko leyo engatholakali koke (Pfab no-Victor 2002[1]; no-Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]). Ngokuya kuka-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013)[3] basekelwa yi-SANBI (2010)[4], iintjalo nemithi yendabuko nanyana yemvelo le, ibongazimbi abakhulu tle ngebanga lokuthi ukhona ukuphila endaweni yelo nanyana evelele kiyo begodu iphilo yayo ikhambelana nebhduluko lendawo lelo. Ngamanye amagama, ihlabathi, amanzi, umoya nebujamo bezulu obuhlukileko bakwezinye iindawo abukalungeli iinjalo nemithi yendabuko le. Esihlokweni esilandelako sizokutjheja iimbangela zokutjhabalalisa iintjalo nemithi.
Imbangelo yokuhlabalala kwemithi neentjalo
[edit | edit source]Zinengi iimbangela ezibanga ukutjhabalala kwemithi neentjalo esele zitshwaye babantu abanengi iphasi loke leli. Kodwana, kulekulumopendulwano sizokudzimelela kwezilandelako:
1. Ukutlhayela kweendawo zazo
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Ukutlhayela kweendawo la iintjalo nemithi yendabuko ingaphila khona kumraro omukhulu (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]). Iintjalo nemithi le izithola ingasakhoni ukunaba kanye nokukhula ngebanga lokuthi iindawo zazo ziyancipha begodi akusenasikhala la zinganabela nanyana zikhulele khona (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]).
2. Izenzo zabantu
[edit | edit source]Izenzo zabantu zinomthintela omkhulu tle okutjhabalaleni kweentjalo nemithi yendabuko. Ngokuya kuka-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013) [3]izenzo zabantu ezifana nokutheza, ukugubha iinjalo kanye nokutjhisa amahlathi notjani zidlala indima ekulu ekutjhabalaleni kweentjalo nemithi yendabuko. Ngamanye amagama, nabatheza bebaguba iintjalo kodwana bangazitjali nanyana bazijamiselele kubanga ukutjhabalala kwemithi neentjalo ngombana ziyanciba nabenza njalo.
3. Ituthuko yezehlalakuhle.
[edit | edit source]Kunetuthuko enengi khulu eyenzeka mihla namalanga ephasi esiphila kiyo (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]). U-Stohlgren no-Kumar (2013) [3]baveze bonyana abantu nabakha iindawo ezitjha, imakhiwo kanye namadorobha amatjha, basusa imithi neentjalo zendabuko endaweni lezo begodu abalingi ukuzifudusela nanyana ukuzibulunga. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekutjhabalaliseni iintjalo nemithi.
4. Amabubulo namarhwebo
[edit | edit source]Amabubulo namarhwebo asebenzisa iintjalo nemithi yendabuko ukukhiqhiza imikhiqhizo ebayithengisako, kodwana abanandaba nokobanyana imithi neentjalo leyo iyaphela begodu ifuna ukujamiselwela ngokuthi batjale eminye (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013)[3]. Lokhu nakho kudlala indima ekulu ekutjhabalaliseleni iintjalo nemithi.
5. Itjhuguluko lebhoduluko
[edit | edit source]Itjhuguluko lebhoduluko ekufaka hlangana ubujamo bezulu lobo obutjhugulula iinkathi nezinga ebenza ngakho izinto kumraro khulu eentjalweni nemithi yendabuko (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]). Ukungezelela, imithi neentjalo lezo zizithola zibhalela kuphila ngaphasi kwetjhugululo lebhoduluko nelobujamo bezulu elitjha lelo (Stohlgren no-Kumar 2013[3]). Ngamanye amagama, lokha nakutjhisa ngendlela ongakajwaleki isikhathi eside nanyana kumakhaza khulu isikhathi eside ukudlula ngenjayelo ngebanga lamatjhuguluko webhoduluko nanyana wobujamo bezulu, iintjalo nemithi yendabuko le igcina ihlongakala begodu ingasamili.
Isiphetho
[edit | edit source]Ukutjhabalala kweentjalo nemithi yendabuko yinto embi nenomthelela omumbi eempilweni zethu ngombana kuzokuba nokudla nemitjhaga ebesiyinikelwa mimithi neentjalo lezo engasazokutholakala. Ngalokho-ke, kuqakathekile bonyana sinakele zoke iintjalo nemithi, khulukhulu yendabuko.
Iinkomba
[edit | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pfab, M. F. & Victor, J. E. Threatened plants of Gauteng, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 68:370-375.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wikipedia. 2024. List of critically endangered plants. Litholakala ku:<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_critically_endangered_plants>. Ifunyenwe ngomhlaka [12 kuRhoboyi 2024].
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Stohlgren, T. T. & Kumar, S. 2013. Endangered Plants. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 3: 465-477. Elsevier.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 South African National Biodiversity Institute. 2010. Threatened Species: A guide to Red Lists and their use in conservation. Threatened Species Programme. SANBI: Pretoria.
- ↑ South African National Biodiversity Institute. 2013. Plants in Peril. SANBI: Biodiversity for Life: Pretoria.