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Ubulwelwe obungena besibungwana esincani obenza umuntu aphophale

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Ubulwelwe obungena besibungwana esincani obenza umuntu aphophale
Ukuhlukaniswa kweengaba neentlabagelo zangaphandle
Umuntu omdalaipukani ekulu enzimakanye netsikizii-Onchocerca volvulusziphuma ngaphakathi kwendletjana yenunwanwa, ikhulisiwe 100x
Umuntu omdalaipukani ekulu enzimakanye netsikizii-Onchocerca volvulusziphuma ngaphakathi kwendletjana yenunwanwa, ikhulisiwe 100x
Umuntu omdalaipukani ekulu enzimakanye netsikizii-Onchocerca volvulusziphuma ngaphakathi kwendletjana yenunwanwa, ikhulisiwe 100x
ICD/CIM-10B73 B73
ICD/CIM-9125.3 125.3
DiseasesDB9218

Ubulwelwe obungena besibungwana esincani obenza umuntu aphophale, obaziwa ngokuthi bulwelwe obuphophalisako bemlanjeni begoduyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Robles disease, bulwelwe obubangwa kutheleleka okulethwa yitsikizi esasibungwana i-Onchocerca volvulus.[1] Amatshwayo wobulwelwe lobu afaka hlangana nokulunywa okudluleleko esikhunjeni, kanyenokuphophala.[1] Lobu ubulwelwe busebujameni besibili emalwelweni abanga ukuphophala, ngemvakwetrachoma.[2]

Itsikizi esasibungwana le ingena esikhumbeni ithelelekengokulunywa yipukani ekulu enzimaefanane-Simulium umhlobo wempukani.[1] Esikhathini esinengi umuntu kufanele alunywe kanengi ngaphambi kobana angatheleleka ngobulwelwe lobu.[3] Iimpukani lezi ezikulu ezinzima zihlala hlanu komlambo, ngikho negama lobulwelwe lobu kuthiwa ybulwelwe obuphophalisako bemlanjeni.[2] Nazingena ngaphakathi emuntwini, imbungwanyana lezi zenzaindlela yazo eyenza isibungu esisandukuqhoqhoselwaezizokungena ngazo esikhunjeni phakathi.[1] Bese nasele zingene zanzinza nazo ziyakwazi bona zithelele ipukani ezokuluma esikhunjeni somuntu loyo.[1] Kuneendlela ezimbalwa ezingasetjenziswa ukuthola umrabho wobulwelwe: ukubekaumtjhini i-biopsy phezu kwesikhumba ekhemikhalini esamanzana isaline bese ucala isibungu esisandukuqhoqhoselwa nasiphumako, bese ucala ilihlo lesibungwana lesi, bese godu utjheja ingongoma engaphakathi kwesikhumba uqale iimbungu ezikulu.[4]

Umjovo olwisana nobulwelwe lobu awutholakali awukho.[1] Umuntu angazivikela ngokukhandela ukulunywa ziimpukani lezi ezikulu.[5] Lokhu kungafaka hlangana ukusebenzisaisihlahla sokuvikela ukulunywa ziinunwana kanye nokwembatha kuhle.[5] Eminye imizamo kungaba kukuthi uthele ispreyi esisihlahla sokubulalaiinunwanwa eziphaphako.[1] Imizamo yokuphungula ubulwelwe lobu ngokulatjhwa kweenqhema zabantu kuyenzeka kabili ngomnyaka eendaweni ezinengi ephasini zombelele.[1] Ukulatjhwa kwalabo abathelelekileko kusetjenziswa iinhlahlai-ivermecticinqobe iinyanga esisithandathu ukuya kezilitjhumu nambili.[1][6] Isihlahla sokulapha lesi sibulala isibungu esisandukuqhoqhoselwa ingasi isibungu esikhulu.[7] ihlahlaidoxycycline, yona ibulalaumulwana i-endosymbiontebizwange-Wolbachia, isebenza ukubulala amandla wesibungu lesi, nayo iyakhuthazwa bona isetjenziswe.[7] Ukususwa kwamalunda ngaphakathi kwesikumba nakho kungenziwa ngokobana umuntu ahlinzwe.[6]

Isibalo esibalelwa ku17 ukuya kuma-25 weengidigidi, ababanjwe nofana abatheleleko bulwelwe bokuphophala bemlanjeni, ababalelwa eengidigidini ezi-0.8 inengi labo alisaboni ngamehlo seliphophele.[3][7] Ukutheleleka okuneng kobulwelwe lobukwenzeka khulu esiyingini-seSahara ye-Africa, nanyana imibiko yezehlakalo ezinye iveleenarheni i-Yemen nakenzinye iindawo ezizijamelekoye-Amerikha kanyene-Sewula ye-Amerikha.[1] Ngo-1915, udorhodereuRodolfo Robles waqathanisa kokuthoma ubulwelwe lobu nesifo samehlo.[8] Kuveziwe erhelwenile-World Health Organization njengesifoesizijamele sodwa emangweni yethrophigi.[9]

isikhombiso esikulayela bona ilwazi elithileko ungalitholaphi encwadini

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "Onchocerciasis Fact sheet N°374". World Health Organization. March 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs374/en/. Retrieved 20 March 2014. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness)". Parasites. CDC. May 21, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/. Retrieved 20 March 2014. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Parasites – Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Epidemiology & Risk Factors". CDC. May 21, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/epi.html. Retrieved 20 March 2014. 
  4. ↑ "Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Diagnosis". Parasites. CDC. May 21, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/diagnosis.html. Retrieved 20 March 2014. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Prevention & Control". Parasites. CDC. May 21, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/prevent.html. Retrieved 20 March 2014. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Murray, Patrick (2013). Medical microbiology (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p. 792. ISBN 9780323086929. http://books.google.ca/books?id=RBEVsFmR2yQC&pg=PA792. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Brunette, Gary W. (2011). CDC Health Information for International Travel 2012 : The Yellow Book. Oxford University Press. p. 258. ISBN 9780199830367. http://books.google.ca/books?id=5vCQpr1WTS8C&pg=PA258. 
  8. ↑ Lok, James B.; Walker, Edward D.; Scoles, Glen A. (2004). "9. Filariasis". Medical entomology (Revised ed.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. p. 301. ISBN 9781402017940. http://books.google.ca/books?id=C7OxOqTKYS8C&pg=PA301. 
  9. ↑ Reddy M, Gill SS, Kalkar SR, Wu W, Anderson PJ, Rochon PA (October 2007). "Oral drug therapy for multiple neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review". JAMA 298 (16): 1911–24. doi:10.1001/jama.298.16.1911. PMID 17954542. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.298.16.1911. 
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