Umlando waMandebele
| AbaNdebele | ||
| ||
| Abomma base Loopspruit Cultural Village, ngaseBronkhorstspruit | ||
| Ubuningi be sitjhaba | ||
| 1.1 million (2011 Census) | ||
| Lapho batholakala ngobuningi | ||
| Mpumalanga, Gauteng ne Limpopo Province | ||
| Amalimi esitjhaba | ||
| IsiNdebele | ||
| Isiqhema sekolo | ||
| Isikreste, Amasiko | ||
| Ukuhlobana ngobutjhaba | ||
| AbaNguni | ||
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AmaNdebele kusitjhaba sabantu esitholakala enarheni yeSewula Afrika. Isitjhaba lesi sihlukaniswa ngeenqhema ezimbili, isitjhaba sakwaManala begodu nesakwaNdzundza. [1]
Umlando wamaNdebele uthoma ngekosi uMafana. Ikosi uMafana walandelwa nguMhlanga owabeletha uMusi. Ikosi uMusi yathatha igadango bonyana akhambe atjhiye abatjhana bakhe ayokuhlala KwaMnyamana nge-Rhawuteni. Khonapho isitjhaba sahlukana phakathi ngabakwaManala begodu nabakwaNdzundza iinkosi ezihloniphekileko.
Umlando: 1600 - 1880
[edit | hlela umthombo]Ngesikhathi ingwenyama uMusi ahlongakala ngonyaka ka 1630, kwavuka umraro wokulwela ubukhosi ebantwaneni bakhe uManala no Ndzundza. Lomraro wahlukanisa isitjhaba samandebele eSewula (AbakwaManala) namandebele eTlhagwini (abakwaNdzundza nabakwaMthombeni).
UNdzundza noMthombeni bakhamba baya ngase Pumalanga batjhinga bakha KwaSimkhulu, eTlhagwini leBelfast ngase Pumalanga. Kodwana uMthombeni waragela phambili wakhuphuka nenarha ngomlambo we Olifant waya ngase Tlhagwini begodu wakha ngase Zebediela eLimpopo. UMthombeni wathoma wabizwa ngokuthi nguGegana (namkha uKekana).[1]
Ngesikhathi kwaMaza kubusa ingwenyama uMagodongo, kwafika uMzilikazi abaleke kwaZulu ngesibanga sepi kaShaka. UMzilikazi wafika wasahlela uMagodongo nesitjhaba sakhe. Uthe bona abulale uMagodongo, uMzilikazi wathumba ifuyo nabafazi wakhuphuka nenarha watjhinga eTlhagwini, waze wayokunzinza eRhodesia esele yaziwa ngeZimbabwe namhlanje. UMzilikazi wathi nakasahlela uMagodongo kwabe sele adlule ngakuManala, abulele uSbindi. --(Skhosana, 1996, 8)
Ngo 1883, ngesikhathi kubusa uMabhongo kwathoma ipiyombango yabakwaNdzundza namabhuru,bebanga iphasi, amanzi nefuyo. Amabhunawo abedoswa phambili ngu Piet Joubert ahlasela isitjhaba sakwadundza iinyanga ezibunane, bonyana uMabhongo nabantu bakhe bavaleleke ezintabeni zangase Roossenekal. Amabutho kaMabhongo akwazi bona atjhinge ngemva kwamabhunu ayokukha amazi neziliwo. Kodwana ngemva kukuthumba nokutlhorisa abafazi, omunye wabo watjho bona ingwenyama uMabhongo ingakuphi. Amabhunu akghona ukusahlela athumba ingwenyama.[2]
Umlando: 1880 - 1994
[edit | hlela umthombo]Imiraro yobukhosi bakwandebele baragela phambili ngaphasi kwe kosi uNyabela. BakwaNdzundza balahlekelwa bukhosi ngitjho nephasi labo, begodu nekosi uNyabela yavalelwa udilika-jele. Amandebele asabalala nenarha, abangamarhoba ngaphasi kwamaplasi amabhunu iminyaka emihlanu (1883 - 1888). Amakhosi wakwaManala khange angenele imiraro le begodu isitjhaba sakaManala sakha KoMjekejeke ngase Wallmannsthal, enarheni abayiphiwa zizithunywa zase Berlin.[2]
Ikosi uNyabela Mahlangu watjhaphululwa ngo 1903, ngokuphelakwe miraro yokubanga iphasi yamaBhunu namaNgesi (ngo 1899 - 1902), begodu wahlongakala. Ikosi eyalandela, yalinga ukubawa bona irhulumende ibuyise inarha yabo, kodwana kwabala.
Indlu yobukhosi nesitjhaba yathenga inarha ngo 1922 lapho isitjhaba sakwaNdzundza sabuya sahlangana khona. Ngaphasi kombuso wezamakhaya (bantustan or homeland) amaNdebele (Abakwa Manala nabakwNdzundza boke) atjhingiselwa kwandebele ngonyaka ka 1979. Kulapha batholakana khulu nanjenganje.[1]
Umlando womlomo
[edit | hlela umthombo]Abanye bathi ukuthoma kwebizo lamandebele kusuka ebasuthwuni, bathi "ngamathebe telele", okutjho bona ngabantu abaphatha iinhlangu ezide. Bathoma bafujanisa ibizole bathi maNdebele (Matebele).